Measuring diesel soot with a scanning mobility particle sizer and an electrical low-pressure impactor: performance assessment with a model for fractal-like agglomerates

Gulijk, Coen van; Marijnissen, J.C.M.; Makkee, Michiel; Moulijn, Jacob A.; Schmidt‐Ott, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.11.004

Cited by 132 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…This is exactly what we expect as the mass-mobility scaling exponent becomes equal to the true fractal dimension as the aggregate size grows out of the small N limit! The data of Van Gulijk et al (2004) support our argument. Gwaze et al (2006) studied fractal aggregates created from wood combustion under flaming conditions.…”

Section: The Slip Regimesupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Mobility of Fractal Aggregates: A Review

Sorensen

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

314

298

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A review of the experimental and theoretical literature describing the mobility of fractal aggregates over the previous three decades is presented. Aggregates are those formed via both diffusion and reaction limited cluster-cluster aggregation processes, DLCA and RLCA, which form aggregates with fractal dimensions and prefactors of ca. 1.78 and 1.3 and 2.1 and 0.94, respectively. Emphasis is placed on DLCA aggregates. The entire Knudsen number range from continuum to free molecular is reviewed. The review finds a simple and general consensus description of mobility for the entire range.

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Section: The Slip Regimesupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Van Gulijk et al (2004) confronted the reinterpretation of the Schmidt-Ott (1988) data by Wang and Sorensen (1999) by casting nebulous aspersions on the light scattering technique. This author could spend some time here demonstrating the reliability of light scattering for fractal aggregate measurements.…”

Section: The Slip Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mobility of Fractal Aggregates: A Review

Sorensen

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

314

298

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“…The ρ eff is used to distinguish between true particle density and a measured one that is dependent on true density and shape (DeCarlo et al, 2004). One of the most common approaches is to simultaneously measure electrical mobility diameter (d m ) by a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and particle mass by an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) or aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) (Van Gulijk et al, 2004;Virtanen et al, 2006). However, the calculated density is an average of the ensemble of particles irrespective of their compositions or sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of aerosol effective density by single particle mass spectrometry

Zhang

Han

et al. 2015

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Single particle mass spectrometry has been widely used to determine the size and chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols; however, it is still rarely used for the microphysical properties measurement. In this study, two methods were developed for determining aerosol effective density by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Method I retrieved effective density through comparison between measured light scattering intensities and Mie theoretical modelled partial scattering cross section. Method II coupled a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) with SPAMS to simultaneously determine the electric mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameter, and thus the effective density. Polystyrene latex spheres, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate were tested by these methods to help validate their effectiveness for determining the aerosol effective density. This study effectively extends SPAMS measurements to include particle size, chemical composition, light scattering, and effective density, and thus helps us better understand the environment and climate effects of aerosols.

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“…96 These particles are collections of aggregated primary particles, the fractal dimension of which ranges from 2.2 to 2.8, with primary particles that range in diameter from 13 to 40 nm. 41,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103] Primary particle size tends to decrease with air-to-fuel ratio and engine speed. 104 These and other variables (e.g., sampling conditions) may contribute to the variability because the measured fractal dimension may depend on the amount of vapors that have condensed on the soot.…”

Section: Application To Dpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to the Gravimetric Method for Quantification of Diesel Particulate Matter near the Lower Level of Detection

Swanson

Kittelson

Pui

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This paper is part of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association's 2010 special issue on combustion aerosol measurements. The issue is a combination of papers that synthesize and evaluate ideas and perspectives that were presented by experts at a series of workshops sponsored by the Coordinating Research Council that aimed to evaluate the current and future status of diesel particulate matter (DPM) measurement. Measurement of DPM is a complex issue with many stakeholders, including air quality management and enforcement agencies, engine manufacturers, health experts, and climatologists. Adoption of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007 heavy-duty engine DPM standards posed a unique challenge to engine manufacturers. The new standards reduced DPM emissions to the point that improvements to the gravimetric method were required to increase the accuracy and the sensitivity of the measurement. Despite these improvements, the method still has shortcomings. The objectives of this paper are to review the physical and chemical properties of DPM that make gravimetric measurement difficult at very low concentrations and to review alternative metrics and methods that are potentially more accurate, sensitive, and specific. Particle volatility, size, surface area, and number metrics are considered, as well as methods to quantify them. Although the authors believe that an alternative method is required to meet the needs of engine manufacturers, the methods reviewed in the paper are applicable to other areas where the gravimetric method detection limit is approached and greater accuracy and sensitivity are required. The paper concludes by suggesting a method to measure active surface area, combined with a method to separate semi-volatile and solid fractions to further increase the specificity of the measurement, has potential for reducing the lower detection limit of DPM and enabling engine manufacturers to reduce DPM emissions in the future.

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Measuring diesel soot with a scanning mobility particle sizer and an electrical low-pressure impactor: performance assessment with a model for fractal-like agglomerates

Cited by 132 publications

References 51 publications

The Mobility of Fractal Aggregates: A Review

The Mobility of Fractal Aggregates: A Review

Measurement of aerosol effective density by single particle mass spectrometry

Alternatives to the Gravimetric Method for Quantification of Diesel Particulate Matter near the Lower Level of Detection

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