Measuring Disability among Migrants with Washington Group Tools: Reflections for Field Use

Tofani, Marco; Berardi, Anna; Iorio, Silvia; Conte, Antonella; Fabbrini, Giovanni; Valente, Donatella; Marceca, Maurizio

doi:10.3390/healthcare10101860

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We used syntax recommended by the WG to assign an indicator score from 1 to 4 based on the combination of responses . Consistent with prior work, participants were classified as having disabling fatigue if their indicator score was 4 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition

Naik,

Tran,

Staples

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePsychiatric symptoms are reportedly common among adults with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC). However, nationally representative data regarding symptom prevalence, treatment uptake, and barriers to care are needed to inform the development of care models.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in US adults with PCC compared with those without PCC and assess treatment uptake and cost-related barriers to treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative US cross-sectional survey, were analyzed between October 2023 and February 2024.ExposureCurrent PCC, defined as new symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection lasting more than 3 months and ongoing at the time of interview.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDepression symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 instrument. Participants were classified as having received treatment if they received mental health counseling or therapy or medications for mental health. Sleep difficulties, cognitive difficulties, disabling fatigue, and cost-related barriers were assessed from additional NHIS questions.ResultsOf the 25 122 participants representing approximately 231 million US adults (median [IQR] age, 46 [32-61] years; 49.8% male and 50.2% female participants), a weighted prevalence (wPr) of 3.4% (95% CI, 3.1%-3.6%) had current PCC. Compared with other US adults, participants with current PCC were more likely to have depression symptoms (wPr, 16.8% vs 7.1%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.51-2.55), anxiety symptoms (wPr, 16.7% vs 6.3%; AOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.53-3.19), sleep difficulties (wPr, 41.5% vs 22.7%; AOR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.65-2.29), cognitive difficulties (wPr, 35.0% vs 19.5%; AOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.66-2.50), and disabling fatigue (wPr, 4.0% vs 1.6%; AOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.20-2.86). Among participants who had depression or anxiety symptoms, those with PCC had a similar likelihood of not having received treatment (wPr, 28.2% vs 34.9%; AOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.66-1.57). However, participants with current PCC were more likely to report a cost-related barrier to accessing mental health counseling or therapy (wPr, 37.2% vs 23.3%; AOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.40-2.98).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that people with PCC have a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms than other adults but are more likely to experience cost-related barriers to accessing therapy. Care pathways for PCC should consider prioritizing mental health screening and affordable treatment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Consistent with prior work, participants were classified as having disabling fatigue if their indicator score was 4. 40,41…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition

Naik,

Tran,

Staples

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Regarding limitations, the authors used the Washington Group Short Set of Questions to gauge the cognitive abilities of people with intellectual disabilities. These questions are validated and widely used in population-based disability surveys, yet they have limitations [48][49][50]. For instance, by only answering 'a lot of difficulty' or 'cannot do at all', the complexity of intellectual disability is not captured.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study of a menstrual health behaviour change intervention for women and girls with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers for Vanuatu’s humanitarian responses

Wilbur,

Crow,

Poilapa

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The Veivanua campaign is a menstrual health intervention for people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in Vanuatu’s humanitarian setting. The campaign was adapted from the Bishesta campaign delivered in Nepal’s development setting. This feasibility study is designed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Veivanua campaign to understand if efficacy testing is warranted. The Veivanua campaign was delivered to a preselected group of 30 young people (individuals with intellectual disabilities) and 35 caregivers (males and females). Data were collected through several qualitative tools to allow for methods triangulation: process monitoring, post-intervention in-depth interviews with caregivers and nine young people, observation of young persons, photovoice and ranking with two young people, campaign resource ranking, and key informant interviews with staff involved in the intervention. Data were analysed thematically using Nvivo 12. Results show that the Veivanua campaign is feasible. Male and female caregivers reported an increased ability to support young people’s menstrual health and greater preparedness for the next emergency. Young people understood the training and applied their learning. Key informants want to scale up the intervention in their humanitarian responses. Several changes were made to the adapted campaign, but similar outcomes were recorded in Nepal and Vanuatu. All target behaviours improved, and campaign resources were used, but many caregivers found the menstrual calendar confusing. The intervention was not delivered with fidelity but responded to the context. The campaign cost more than the Bishesta campaign because procurement was more expensive in Vanuatu. In conclusion, this is the first intervention globally, so it begins to fill a substantial gap, but more must be done. As the Veivanua campaign is feasible, it requires efficacy testing in Vanuatu. It should also be adapted to humanitarian crises in other countries to support the menstrual health of this previously excluded population.

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“…In 2021, the NGO Relief International, together with the International Centre for Evidence in Disability of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, investigated disability among refugees in Turkey using the WG's short set enhanced tool, together with the child module of the WG and UNICEF [18]. In 2021, a group of Italian researchers at Sapienza University of Rome, together with the Italian Society of Migration Medicine and the Rehabilitation & Outcome Measures Assessment (ROMA) association, investigated disability within migrant populations using the WG short set enhanced tool, revealing a proportion of 21.7% (95% CI 15.6-28.9) of people with disabilities [19]. The working group also used the community-based rehabilitation (CBR) indicators developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to explore access to healthcare, social, and employment services [20].…”

Section: The Need For Systematic Evaluation Of Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability, Rehabilitation, and Assistive Technologies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Italy: Policies and Challenges

et al. 2023

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Good health and well-being for all, including those with disabilities, is one of the main sustainable development goals. Data on refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities are limited. Refugees have poor access to rehabilitation and assistive technologies, although laws and policies in Italy guarantee this type of healthcare. However, there are several limitations to the successful implementation of these services. First, the national health system is regionally based, and therefore healthcare facilities and services vary in terms of quality in different regions. A link between reception centers and the healthcare system is therefore highly recommended, because only 10 out of 20 regions have specific services for refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities. Second, only 2% of the total available posts for hosting refugees are reserved for people with disabilities. The lack of a standardized vulnerability assessment represents the main barrier to the organization of specific services for migrants within the community. National stakeholders urgently need to collaborate in order to remove barriers to rehabilitation and assistive technology for refugees with disabilities. Initiatives should focus on health literacy and the empowerment of migrants, data collection on health, disability, and assistive technology, and the organization of community-based rehabilitation programs.

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Measuring Disability among Migrants with Washington Group Tools: Reflections for Field Use

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition

Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition

Feasibility study of a menstrual health behaviour change intervention for women and girls with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers for Vanuatu’s humanitarian responses

Disability, Rehabilitation, and Assistive Technologies for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Italy: Policies and Challenges

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