Measuring extent, location and change of imperviousness in urban domestic gardens in collective housing projects

Verbeeck, Klaartje; Orshoven, Jos Van; Hermy, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.09.007

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Front gardens are more prone to be changed given road network access and thus are more prone to be converted to facilitate parking (Perry and Nawaz, 2008). Therefore with impermeable change occurring on scales up tõ 2290 m 2 per garden (Loram et al, 2007), it is strange, and of great concern, that national and local policy makers have little or no control (Verbeeck et al, 2011). Some policy and legislation, as summarised in the introduction, have had an influence on garden permeability.…”

Section: Application For Policy and Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Front gardens to car parks: Changes in garden permeability and effects on flood regulation

Warhurst

Parks

McCulloch

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• Front gardens in urban areas have seen a change in land cover.• This change is a shift from permeable to impermeable surfaces, for car parking.• This amounts to an average of 22.47% of land area, over a twenty year period.• Meanwhile the required attenuation storage volumes have increased by 26.23%.• Our study indicates an increase in flood risk in known flooding hotspots. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o This study addresses the consequences of widespread conversion of permeable front gardens to hard standing car parking surfaces, and the potential consequences in high-risk urban flooding hotspots, in the city of Southampton. The last two decades has seen a trend for domestic front gardens in urban areas to be converted for parking, driven by the lack of space and increased car ownership. Despite media and political attention, the effects of this change are unknown, but increased and more intense rainfall, potentially linked to climate change, could generate negative consequences as runoff from impermeable surfaces increases. Information is limited on garden permeability change, despite the consequences for ecosystem services, especially flood regulation. We focused on eight flooding hotspots identified by the local council as part of a wider urban flooding policy response. Aerial photographs from 1991, 2004 and 2011 were used to estimate changes in surface cover and to analyse permeability change within a digital surface model in a GIS environment. The 1, 30 and 100 year required attenuation storage volumes were estimated, which are the temporary storage required to reduce the peak flow rate given surface permeability. Within our study areas, impermeable cover in domestic front gardens increased by 22.47% over the 20-year study period and required attenuation storage volumes increased by 26.23% on average. These increases suggest that a consequence of the conversion of gardens to parking areas will be a potential increase in flooding frequency and severity -a situation which is likely to occur in urban locations worldwide.

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Section: Application For Policy and Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Front gardens to car parks: Changes in garden permeability and effects on flood regulation

Warhurst

Parks

McCulloch

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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show abstract

“…The results indicated that garden trends also have an impact, which is seen in the 1990s site (site C) that was built during a time where paved areas increased in private gardens due to garden trends (Perry and Nawaz 2008;Verbeeck et al 2011). Part of the reason for the increasing size of driveways in the period was that it had become common to own more than one car (Perry and Nawaz 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Land cover in single-family housing areas and how it correlates with urban form

Nielsen

Jensen

2015

Urban Ecosyst

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Land cover composition is a valuable indicator of the ecological performance of a city. Single-family housing areas constitute a substantial part of most cities and may as such play an important role for sustainable urban development. From aerial photos we performed detailed GISbased mapping of land cover in three detached single-family housing areas in Denmark of different urban form but comparable housing densities (ranging from 10.0 to 11.3 houses per hectare). The findings were subjected to statistical analysis and landscape metrics. Land cover varied with urban form: A traditional spatial configuration with rectangular parcels contained significantly more vegetation and less impervious surfaces per parcel than newer Radburn-inspired configurations with more quadratic parcels. Correlation analysis showed size of paved access ways to be positively correlated with distance from road to carports in all parcels, and number of trees to be positively correlated with garden size in rectangular parcels. Correlation analysis also showed that higher trees were located further from houses, and that rectangular parcels could support more trees than quadratic parcels. These results suggest that the urban form of neighbourhoods to some degree predicts the long term land cover composition. We conclude that strategies for maximizing the ecological performance of single-family housing areas can be informed by knowledge on urban form, and that digital mapping of land cover based on aerial photography is a useful tool.

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“…Kirkpatrick et al (2006) found that there were three types of soil; sandy, clayey and coarse grained soil in the study they conducted in Hobart in 31 neighborhoods and 51 buildings. Another study was conducted by Verbeeck et al (2010) in five residential areas in the Flanders region in Belgium. In this study; it was determined that each of the five residential areas had a quite large front garden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several studies focused on large scale urban open green areas (Irvine et al, 2013;Peschardt and Stigsdotter, 2013;Wolch et al, 2014;Miller et al, 2015). Only a few emphasized building-garden-road relationships (Zmyslony and Gagnon, 1997, Daniels and Kirkpatrick, 2005, Daniels et al 2006a, Daniels et al, 2006b, Verbeeck et al, 2010. Thus, the relationship between the building, garden and road spaces was examined in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of spatial components in building-garden- road relationship: Yavuz Selim Boulevard example, Trabzon

Eren

Acar

2017

İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi

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Measuring extent, location and change of imperviousness in urban domestic gardens in collective housing projects

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Front gardens to car parks: Changes in garden permeability and effects on flood regulation

Front gardens to car parks: Changes in garden permeability and effects on flood regulation

Land cover in single-family housing areas and how it correlates with urban form

Analysis of spatial components in building-garden- road relationship: Yavuz Selim Boulevard example, Trabzon

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