“…See for instance the empirical evidence byCase et al (1993),Baicker (2005),Castro et al (2015),Oyun (2017),Bordignon et al (2003),Allers and Elhorst (2005),Padovano and Petrarca (2014),Caldeira et al (2015),Foucault et al (2008), among others. 5 For insights on expenditure allocation to subnational governments in developing countries, see the latest report from the World Observatory on Subnationanl Finance and Investment (UCLG & OECD, 2016; OECD & UCLG, 2019).…”