Measuring Gender Attitudes Using List Experiments

Helping Families Help Themselves? Heterogeneous Effects of a Digital Parenting Program

“…As observed in the literature, familial and cultural context can greatly moderate the impact of shocks and interventions, and lead to unintended consequences. 45 In our case, the backlash reaction is associated with caregiver gender, family structure, and economic deprivation, consistent with prevailing theories linking the latter to caregivers' cognitive overload and mental health (Mullainathan and Shafir, 2013;Mani et al, 2013;Asadullah et al, 2021;Schilbach et al, 2016;Ridley et al, 2020). This result provides relevant insights for future research and policy interventions.…”

“…For example, among male caregivers in the most economically deprived households, the intervention had a 0.36 sd impact in mental distress (vs. a non-significant -0.032 sd impact among those in other less-deprived households). These results align with the literature linking economic deprivation with increased cognitive load (Mullainathan and Shafir, 2013;Mani et al, 2013;Asadullah et al, 2021;Schilbach et al, 2016;Ridley et al, 2020) and suggest that, for caregivers burdened by economic deprivation, the intervention may have added to the cognitive overload 5 Our PAP contemplated the estimation of the intervention's impact by caregiver sex. 6 In the U.S., females are generally the main perpetrators of child maltreatment (Lindo et al, 2018).…”

“…First, we complement direct questions with vignettes to indirectly elicit respondents' views regarding the use of violent parenting practices. 40 Second, following Asadullah et al (2021) and Aguero and Frisancho (2021), we test the robustness of all our results to the inclusion of a social desirability index that captures individual-level propensity to misreport sensitive items as an additional control variable. All results remain similar in magnitude and statistical significance (Tables A10-A13 in the Appendix).…”

“…First, we show that attrition is low in our study and that there is no selective attrition between treatment and control groups. Second, following Asadullah et al (2021) and Aguero and Frisancho (2021), we test the robustness of our results to the inclusion of a social desirability index that captures individual-level propensity to misreport sensitive items as an additional control variable. Finally, we verify the robustness of our results to the exclusion of control variables and to the use of randomization inference to estimate standard p-values.…”