Measuring happiness in individuals with profound multiple disabilities

Adult Day Services for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

“…Finally, Darling and Circo used a multiple baseline design on a sample of 3 individuals with IDD to assess how providing preferred items and activities multiple times throughout the day impacts indices of happiness. In the end, all participants’ indices of happiness increased after receiving preferred items and activities 31…”

“…There was a 93.7% decrease in selfinjurious behaviors from baseline to the final treatment phase. 29 The final 2 articles in this review 30,31 assessed interventions designed to increase the engagement and happiness of ADS participants with IDD. Crites and Howard used a one-group pre-and posttest design with 20 adults with IDD to explore how systematic instruction impacts participant engagement in ADS.…”

“…In the end, all participants' indices of happiness increased after receiving preferred items and activities. 31…”

Psychosocial interventions for older people with intellectual disabilities and the role of support staff: A systematic review

“…The results suggest that active mentoring generated sufficient improvements in activity engagement and increased community participation, thereby preventing inactivity, isolation and loneliness in retirement. Second, one study described the implementation of a standardised procedure for assessing the repeated presentation of preferred items and activities of participants (including two older people) with profound multiple disabilities during multiple periods of the day (Darling & Circo, 2015 ). Although this intervention led to a slight increase in the participants' scores on happiness indices, the relationships between variables were limited.…”

“…Distinctions can nevertheless be made with regard to the intensity of their role and the skills that were required before the intervention could be applied (e.g., staff training). One distinct category consists of the nine studies that involved training staff members before they carried out the intervention (Bai et al, 2014 ; Bucholz et al, 2008 ; Cooper & Browder, 2001 ; Darling & Circo, 2015 ; Fox et al, 2009 ; Hoffman et al, 2019 ; Kruithof et al, 2018 ; Lifshitz & Klein, 2013; Martens et al, 2017 ; Samuel et al, 2008 ; Schaap et al, 2019 ; Taber‐Doughty et al, 2010 ; Vlaskamp & Van der Putten, 2009 ; Wagemaker et al, 2017 ; Watchman et al, 2020 ). For example, in a personalised day programme for adults with intellectual disabilities and autism (Fox et al, 2009 ), support staff were involved in both the selection of participants and the implementation of the programme.…”