Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Green<i>et al</i>. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS)

Cel, Green; Freeman, Daniel; Kuipers, Elizabeth; Bebbington, P; Fowler, DG; Dunn, Graham; Garety, Philippa

doi:10.1017/s0033291707001638

Cited by 340 publications

(378 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The high paranoid group in our sample included a range of scores from 20 to 73, with some of the scores reaching levels that are reported in clinical groups (Green et al, 2008). However, it is normal for non-clinical samples to have some overlap with clinical samples (Green et al, 2008).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Subjects with paranoia scores at the 75th percentile or above were classed as the 'high paranoid' group and those below the 75th percentile as the 'low-paranoid' group (methodology adopted from Stopa and Clark, 2001). The high paranoid group in our sample included a range of scores from 20 to 73, with some of the scores reaching levels that are reported in clinical groups (Green et al, 2008). However, it is normal for non-clinical samples to have some overlap with clinical samples (Green et al, 2008).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Rehman

Gumley

Biello

2018

Psychiatry Research

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A B S T R A C TRecent evidence suggests that sleep problems are associated with psychotic like experiences including paranoia. However, the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood and thus studies modelling hypothesised mediating factors are required. Alexithymia, the inability to recognise and describe emotions within the self may be an important candidate. In two separate studies we sought to investigate factors mediating the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia using a cross-sectional design. Healthy volunteers without a mental health diagnosis were recruited (study 1, N = 401, study 2, N = 402). Participants completed a series of measures assessing paranoia, negative emotions, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies in an online survey. In study 1, regression and mediation analyses showed that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was partially mediated by alexithymia, perceptual anomalies and negative affect. In contrast, study 2 found that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was fully mediated by negative affect, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies. The link between sleep quality and paranoia is unclear and reasons for discrepant results are discussed. Novel findings in this study include the link between alexithymia and paranoia.

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Section: Data Analysis and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Data Analysis and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Rehman

Gumley

Biello

2018

Psychiatry Research

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“…An advantage of the GPTS is that it captures paranoia severity across the spectrum: people with delusions of persecution were found to score significantly more highly than non-clinical controls, but with overlap between the distributions, and widely ranging scores in each (32-149 in the non-clinical group; 32-160 in the delusions group). In those with persecutory delusions, subscale scores also showed appropriate associations with corresponding item scores on the PSYRATS interviewer-rated delusions scale (Haddock et al, 1999), and clinical change over six months from baseline assessment was captured by changes in scores that correlated significantly with PSYRATS change scores (Green et al, 2008). Beck et al, 1996).…”

Section: Clinical Symptom Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The items were delusional conviction, delusional distress, the degree of effort used to avoid thinking about the belief, and the degree of success in avoiding thoughts about the belief. Green et al Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS;Green et al, 2008). The GPTS is a 32-item self-report measure of paranoid thoughts over the last month, split into two parts.…”

Section: Clinical Symptom Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Depression is common in people with schizophrenia, but how it might directly contribute to the persistence of psychotic symptoms has rarely been tested. The key aim of the present study was to test whether depression and associated cognitive processes predict the maintenance of persecutory delusions. Three groups of participants were tested at baseline: 60 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, 30 patients with depression, and 30 nonclinical controls. They completed interviewer and self-report assessments of depression and paranoia, and measures of six cognitive factors (schematic beliefs, experiential avoidance, autobiographical memory, problem solving, rumination, worry style). The patients with persecutory delusions were then assessed again, six months later. It was found that 50% of the patients with persecutory delusions met diagnostic criteria for major depression. Cognitive processes found to be associated with depression across the groups were negative schematic beliefs about the self, experiential avoidance and rumination, but not autobiographical memory or problem solving. The severity of initial depression in patients with persecutory delusions predicted the persistence of paranoia over six months. A number of cognitive factors also predicted the persistence of persecutory delusions, including negative schematic beliefs about the self, worry, and problem-solving difficulties. In conclusion, depression is common in patients with current persecutory delusions, and it shows similar cognitive features to major depressive disorder. The results of this study indicate that depression and related processes may contribute to the maintenance of paranoia. Trials are warranted of depression-related therapeutic techniques for people with persecutory delusions.

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“…The PSQ is divided into five subscales based on factor analytic findings; these subscales are labeled as Interpersonal Suspiciousness/Hostility, Negative Mood/Withdrawal, Anger/Impulsiveness, Mistrust/Wariness, and Perceived Hardship/Resentment (Rawlings et al, 1996). The PSQ subscales have demonstrated adequate internal consistency (subscale alphas range from 0.65 to 0.77) and evidence suggests validity in non-clinical populations (Green et al, 2008;Gudjonsson et al, 2002). Cronbach's internal consistency coefficients for the PSQ subscales in the present sample were: Interpersonal Suspiciousness/Hostility (12 items) α=0.82, Negative Mood/Withdrawal (7 PERCEPTUAL ANOMALY, SOCIAL ANXIETY, AND PARANOIA 9 items) α=.58, Anger/Impulsiveness (9 items) α=0.70, Mistrust/Wariness (6 items) α=0.74, and Perceived Hardship/Resentment (7 items) α=0.78.…”

Section: Measures Perceptual Anomaly Social Anxiety and Paranoiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among perceptual anomalies, social anxiety, and paranoia in a college student sample

Tone

Goulding

Compton

2011

Psychiatry Research

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Recent evidence suggests that normal-range paranoid ideation may be particularly likely to arise in individuals disposed to both social anxiety and perceptual anomalies. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that among college students in an unselected sample, social anxiety and experience of perceptual anomalies would not only each independently predict the experience of self-reported paranoid ideation, but would also interact to predict paranoid patterns of thought. A diverse sample of 644 students completed a large battery of self-report measures, as well as the five-factor Paranoia/Suspiciousness Questionnaire (PSQ). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses predicting scores on each PSQ factor from responses on measures of social anxiety, perceptual aberration, and the interaction between the two constructs.Current general negative affect was covaried in all analyses. We found that both social anxiety and perceptual aberrations, along with negative affect, predicted multiple dimensions of paranoia as measured by the PSQ; the two constructs did not, however, interact significantly to predict any dimensions. Our findings suggest that perceptual aberration and anxiety may contribute to normal-range paranoid ideation in an additive rather than an interactive manner.

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Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: the Greenet al. Paranoid Thought Scales (GPTS)

Abstract: A reliable and valid tool for assessing paranoid thoughts is presented. It will provide an effective way for researchers to ensure consistency in research and for clinicians to assess change with treatment.

Cited by 340 publications

References 33 publications

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Associations among perceptual anomalies, social anxiety, and paranoia in a college student sample

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