Measuring Images of Developing Countries: A Scale Development Study

The constitution and effects of country images: Theory and measurement of a central target construct in international public relations and public diplomacy

“…Wang, Lamb 1983;Martin, Eroglu 1993) as well as of its political system (e.g. Allred et al 1999). Heslop et al (2004) also suggest the work-training and competences of the people as an important factor.…”

“…Martin, Eroglu 1993;Wang, Lamb 1983), the political system (e.g. Allred et al 1999), the work-training and competences of the people (Heslop et al 2004) and the degree of technological advancement (e.g. Desborde 1990;Kühn 1993;Martin, Eroglu 1993).…”

The Relationship between Consumer Ethnocentrism, Cosmopolitanism and Product Country Image Among Younger Generation Consumers: The Moderating Role of Country Development Status

“…Sharma comments that ''very few studies explore the perceptions of consumers in emerging markets about products made in other emerging markets'' (Sharma, 2011, p. 286). Some papers have included the economy of a country as part of its PCI (Allred, Chakraborty, & Miller, 1999;Martin & Eroglu, 1993) but have not investigated its economic development status as a separate construct. Given the widely used distinction in economic and business analysis between developed and developing countries, it is perhaps surprising that there has been so little comparative research in this area.…”

When Does It Pay off to Link a Brand Name to a Country?

“…The spreading of production, decentralization, outsourcing, the dematerialization of the offer, and above all, the emergence of so-called hybrid products has served to make the exact identification of a product's origin more complicated (Li, Murray, & Scott, 2000;Phau & Chao, 2008). From such a methodological perspective, the concept of COO is enriched with multidimensional value that incorporates different aspects generated in modern production processes (Han & Terpstra, 1988;Chao, 1993;Ahmed & D'Astous, 1996;Allred, Chakraborty, & Miller, 2000).…”