Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.

Davis, Mark H. A.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113

Cited by 8,266 publications

(9,198 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, when individuals with AS were given the information that allows them to understand the point of view of others, they were shown to report similar levels of compassion and concern as unaffected individuals. Overall, these findings confirm the proposal that cognitive and affective empathy represent two separate, although related, constructs (Davis, 1983) and that impairment in cognitive empathy in people with ASDs is likely associated with diminished ToM abilities. ToM is a fundamental component of cognitive empathy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Moral judgment in adults with autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tThe ability of a group of adults with high functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger Syndrome (AS) to distinguish moral, conventional and disgust transgressions was investigated using a set of six transgression scenarios, each of which was followed by questions about permissibility, seriousness, authority contingency and justification. The results showed that although individuals with HFA or AS (HFA/AS) were able to distinguish affect-backed norms from conventional affect-neutral norms along the dimensions of permissibility, seriousness and authority-dependence, they failed to distinguish moral and disgust transgressions along the seriousness dimension and were unable to provide appropriate welfare-based moral justifications. Moreover, they judged conventional and disgust transgressions to be more serious than did the comparison group, and the correlation analysis revealed that the seriousness rating was related to their ToM impairment. We concluded that difficulties providing appropriate moral justifications and evaluating the seriousness of transgressions in individuals with HFA/AS may be explained by an impaired cognitive appraisal system that, while responsive to rule violations, fails to use relevant information about the agent's intentions and the affective impact of the action outcome in conscious moral reasoning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Moral judgment in adults with autism spectrum disorders

et al. 2011

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“…The third questionnaire used to measure personality and social change was the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1983). This measure was designed to assess both cognitive and emotional components of empathy.…”

Section: Curtiss-yamadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

Gorno‐Tempini

Rankin

Woolley

et al. 2004

Cortex

157

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INTRODUCTIONSemantic dementia (SD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of conceptual knowledge. Patients typically present in the presenium with difficulty in recalling and understanding words, and later show impairment in recognizing objects (Lambon Ralph et al., 1998Hodges et al., 1992). Surface dyslexia is also part of the SD clinical picture, as patients have greater difficulty reading words with irregular pronunciations (such as "yacht") compared to regularly spelled words (such as "context"). Within the language domain, speech, phonological and syntactic processing are usually spared. Spatial abilities, non-verbal reasoning and day-to-day episodic memory also remain relatively intact, while episodic memory is often impaired on formal testing (see Hodges and Miller, 2001). Current clinical research criteria list SD as one of the possible clinical presentations of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) (Neary et al., 1998). Neuroimaging findings in SD indicate that the anterior temporal lobe is the site of most prominent atrophy and/or hypometabolism, providing a powerful model for studying this brain region rarely hit by other neurological diseases (Mummery et al., 2000;Galton et al., 2001;Chan et al., 2001;Rosen et al., 2002a). Voxel-based Morphometry studies (VBM) and region of interest analysis on MRI scans have shown that the hippocampal/amygdala structures and the infero-lateral temporal neocortex are both significantly atrophied in SD (Chan et al., 2001;Rosen et al., 2002aRosen et al., , 2002b. It has also been shown that the ventro-medial frontal lobe and the insula are involved (Rosen et al., 2002a). The finding that orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are damaged in SD is consistent with reports that personality changes, disturbances in social behavior, and abnormalities in emotional processing can be part of the clinical syndrome.Most reported cases of semantic dementia have shown mainly left anterior temporal lobe atrophy. Thus, the classic clinical picture of SD with prominent semantic memory deficits has also been labeled as the "left temporal lobe variant"(LTLV) of FTLD (Edwards-Lee et al., 1997). Less evidence is available regarding the clinical presentation of cases with "right-temporal lobe variant" (RTLV) of FTLD. Only a few reports of RTLV cases have concentrated on describing early difficulties in processing information regarding familiar people, either as progressive disturbance in recognizing familiar faces, or as a more generalized semantic deficit for person-specific information (Gainotti et al., 2003;Barbarotto et al., 1995;Gentileschi et al., 1999;Tyrrell et al., 1990;Evans et al., 1995). In these cases, the presence of behavioral changes was sometimes mentioned, but its significance and the time of first manifestation was not reported (Gainotti et al., 2003 ABSTRACT Semantic dementia (SD) is a clinical variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) characterized by progressive deterioration of semantic memory with relative sparing of other cognitive fun...

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“…1 These three empathy-related constructs are psychologically (Davis, 1983;Konrath, O'Brien, & Hsing, 2011) and neurobiologically distinct (Decety, 2015;Immordino-Yang, McColl, Damasio, & Damasio, 2009;Shamay-Tsoory, Aharon-Peretz, & Perry, 2009), and predict different behavioral outcomes (Galinsky, Maddux, Gilin, & White, 2008;Jordan, Amir, & Bloom, 2016). However, there are some relations among the three constructs: for example, taking the perspective of a person in need promotes compassion (Coke, Batson, & McDavis, 1978), and empathic accuracy is facilitated by sharing others' feelings and physiological responses (Hess & Blairy, 2001; Levenson & Ruef, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lying because we care: Compassion increases prosocial lying.

Lupoli

Jampol

Oveis

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Prosocial lies, or lies intended to benefit others, are ubiquitous behaviors that have important social and economic consequences. Though emotions play a central role in many forms of prosocial behavior, no work has investigated how emotions influence behavior when one has the opportunity to tell a prosocial lie-a situation that presents a conflict between two prosocial ethics: lying to prevent harm to another, and honesty, which might also provide benefits to the target of the lie. Here, we examine whether the emotion of compassion influences prosocial lying, and find that compassion causally increases and positively predicts prosocial lying. In Studies 1 and 2, participants evaluated a poorly written essay and provided feedback to the essay writer. Experimentally induced compassion felt towards the essay writer (Study 1) and individual differences in trait compassion (Study 2) were positively associated with inflated feedback to the essay writer. In both of these studies, the relationship between compassion and prosocial lying was partially mediated by an enhanced desire to prevent emotional harm. In Study 3, we found moderation such that experimentally induced compassion increased lies that resulted in financial gains for a charity, but not lies that produced financial gains for the self. This research illuminates the emotional underpinnings of the common yet morally complex behavior of prosocial lying, and builds on work highlighting the potentially harmful effects of compassionan emotion typically seen as socially beneficial.

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Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.

Cited by 8,266 publications

References 28 publications

Moral judgment in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Moral judgment in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Cognitive and Behavioral Profile in a Case of Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration

Lying because we care: Compassion increases prosocial lying.

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