Measuring Infant‐Mother Attachment: Is the Strange Situation Enough?

Clarke-Stewart, K. Alison; Goossens, F.A.; Allhusen, Virginia D.

doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00156

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Three studies were found that compared an attachment assessment procedure with the reference standard (SSP) [93][94][95] (see Table 1 for a summary of the characteristics of these studies). Two of the studies were conducted in the USA 93,94 and the third study was conducted in Romania.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies were conducted in the USA 93,94 and the third study was conducted in Romania. 95 The ages of the samples ranged from 17 to 25 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-three studies were published between 1988 and 2011, of which the majority were undertaken in the USA (n = 18 24,47,93,94,[96][97][98][99][100][102][103][104]106,111,113,115,116,118,121 ), with the rest spread across the UK (n = 4 50,52,[107][108][109] ), Canada (n = 4 25,105,110,119 ), Germany (n = 2 101,122 ), the Netherlands (n = 2 117,120 ), Romania (n = 1 94 ) and Spain (n = 1 114 ). Table 1 and Box 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,25,47,50,52,[93][94][95][96][99][100][101][102][104][105][106][107][108][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122] In those studies providing demographic detail, parental age ranged from 12 to 70 years and ethnicity was predominantly white or Caucasian.…”

Section: Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wright

Barry

Hughes

et al. 2015

Health Technol Assess

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Background and objectivesServices have variable practices for identifying and providing interventions for ‘severe attachment problems’ (disorganised attachment patterns and attachment disorders). Several government reports have highlighted the need for better parenting interventions in at-risk groups. This report was commissioned to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems (the main review). One supplementary review explored the evaluation of assessment tools and a second reviewed 10-year outcome data to better inform health economic aspects of the main review.Data sourcesA total of 29 electronic databases were searched with additional mechanisms for identifying a wide pool of references using the Cochrane methodology. Examples of databases searched include PsycINFO (1806 to January week 1, 2012), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (1946 to December week 4, 2011) and EMBASE (1974 to week 1, 2012). Searches were carried out between 6 and 12 January 2012.Review methodsPapers identified were screened and data were extracted by two independent reviewers, with disagreements arbitrated by a third independent reviewer. Quality assessment tools were used, including quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies – version 2 and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions was undertaken. A health economics analysis was conducted.ResultsThe initial search returned 10,167 citations. This yielded 29 RCTs in the main review of parenting interventions to improve attachment patterns, and one involving children with reactive attachment disorder. A meta-analysis of eight studies seeking to improve outcome in at-risk populations showed statistically significant improvement in disorganised attachment. The interventions saw less disorganised attachment at outcome than the control (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.65;p < 0.00001). Much of this focused around interventions improving maternal sensitivity, with or without video feedback. In our first supplementary review, 35 papers evaluated an attachment assessment tool demonstrating validity or psychometric data. Only five reported test–retest data. Twenty-six studies reported inter-rater reliability, with 24 reporting a level of 0.7 or above. Cronbach’s alphas were reported in 12 studies for the comparative tests (11 with α > 0.7) and four studies for the reference tests (four with α > 0.7). Three carried out concurrent validity comparing the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) with another assessment tool. These had good sensitivity but poor specificity. The Disturbances of Attachment Interview had good sensitivity and specificity with the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for attachment disorders. In our supplementary review of 10-year outcomes in cohorts using a baseline reference standard, two studies were found with disorganised attachment at baseline, with one finding raised psychopathology in adolescence. Budget impact analysis of costs was estimated because a decision model could not be justifiably populated. This, alongside other findings, informed research priorities.LimitationsThere are relatively few UK-based clinical trials. A 10-year follow-up, while necessary for our health economists for long-term sequelae, yielded a limited number of papers.ConclusionsMaternal sensitivity interventions show good outcomes in at-risk populations, but require further research with complex children. The SSP and RDC for attachment disorders remain the reference standards for identification until more concurrent and predictive validity research is conducted. A birth cohort with sequential attachment measures and outcomes across different domains is recommended with further, methodologically sound randomised controlled intervention trials. The main area identified for future work was a need for good-quality RCTs in at-risk groups such as those entering foster care or adoption.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42011001395.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the studies were conducted in the USA 93,94 and the third study was conducted in Romania. 95 The ages of the samples ranged from 17 to 25 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wright

Barry

Hughes

et al. 2015

Health Technol Assess

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“…In the Differential Social Reaction Procedure, first strangers attempted to engage infants in interactive play, followed by the mother interacting with the child in the same way. Limited reliability and validity have been reported for both of these laboratory procedures (Clarke-Stewart et al, 2001;Klein et al, 1982).…”

Section: Assessment Of Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-Child Attachment and Preschool Behavior Problems in Children with Developmental Delays

Peacock¹,

LaMont²

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Secure mother-child attachment has been found to be an important factor in the healthy emotional development of children and has been shown to have effects on child, adolescent, and adult behavior. Previous research has primarily focused on attachment in children who are typically developing. However, little research has been conducted in populations of children with developmental delays. The research thus far has suggested that medical situations, child disabilities and maternal emotions may affect interaction patterns between the mother and the child which may in turn influence the security of the mother-child attachment in children with developmental delays. This study contributes to the literature now available. Seventy-four mothers of 1½-to 2-year-old children in an early intervention program completed a series of questionnaires. Two previously developed pencil-paper measures of attachment behaviors were selected for use in the study due to ease of administration and replication and the need for generalization of

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The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self

Thompson

2007

Handbook of Child Psychology

222

252

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Measuring Infant‐Mother Attachment: Is the Strange Situation Enough?

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mother-Child Attachment and Preschool Behavior Problems in Children with Developmental Delays

The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self

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