Measuring Leisure Motivation

Tourists as Mobile Gamers: Gamification for Tourism Marketing

“…The usual motivation of playing games such as killing time (Chou & Tsai, 2007;Mintel, 2012) is only important in this case during the transit period, as many tourists who play games would be seeking purposive information, to prepare for the holiday or to enhance their experience on location. The motivations identified in this study reflect a mixture of tourists' needs and motivation (Beard & Ragheb, 1983;Dann, 1977;Crompton, 1979). They suggest that tourist players might start with a basic information seeking purpose but when they get more experienced in the game, they may seek more challenges and achievements, reflecting some of the intrinsic motivations of game play, supporting Wan & Chiou's (2007) study.…”

“…The popular sensation seeking motivation in game players (See Table 1) is not a popular choice here. Rather the intellectual motivations of a tourist (Beard & Ragheb 1983), to learn, explore and discover new things, were highlighted in the findings, reflecting Iso-Ahola's (1982) seeking dimension of tourists' motivation. Tourism games can be very purposive, as tourist game players want to know more about the destination.…”

“…The theme of socializing reflects the desire to establish new or maintain existing social relationship, it supports opinion that online community is important as a platform of socializing in games. Meanwhile, socialization is also an important dimension as a tourist holiday motivation as suggested by many researchers (Beard & Ragheb, 1983;McIntosh et al 1995). Therefore, this dimension of socialization reflects both tourists and game players' motivation and can further lead to cocreation of tourist experiences.…”

“…Researchers suggest that leisure experiences are about feeling, fantasy and fun (Holbrook & Hirschman, 1982), escape and relaxation (Beard & Ragheb, 1983), entertainment (Pine & Gilmore, 1999;Farber & Hall 2007), novelty and surprise (Dunman & Mattila, 2005). The research on tourist experiences could benefit from gaming research.…”

“…Maslow (1943) suggests that people start with basic low level of physiological need to safety, belonging and love, esteem and self-actualisation. Dann (1977) and Crompton (1979) divide motivations to push and pull factors; Beard & Ragheb (1983) suggest four aspects of motivation: intellectual; social; self-challenge; and stimulus-avoidance. Iso-Ahola's (1982) motivations include escaping and seeking; McIntosh, Geoldner & Ritchie (1995) suggest motivations as physical, cultural, interpersonal and status and prestige motivations.…”