Measuring Multiple Residual-Stress Components using the Contour Method and Multiple Cuts

Pagliaro, Pierluigi; Prime, Michael B.; Swenson, Hunter; Zuccarello, Bernardo

doi:10.1007/s11340-009-9280-3

Cited by 129 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The second cut provides a 2D map of the transverse stress in the second cut plane, σ yy (x, z), which requires a modest extension of the typical CM [21,22] that relies on superposition of transverse stresses found in the first and second cuts.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurement With Contour Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure, hardness, and residual stress

Liu

Chen

Hill

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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Layered ultrasonic impact treatment (LUIT) was used on V-groove welds in 55 mm Q345 steel plate. Two welds were prepared, one by conventional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and the other by GMAW and LUIT, where impact treatment was performed at nine stages during filling of the 28-pass weld. Microstructure, hardness, and residual stress in the welds were compared. While residual stress is very similar, there are significant differences in microstructure and hardness. The LUIT weld has mainly equiaxed grains and uniform hardness, while the conventional weld has columnar grains and a hardness gradient. It appears that beads in the LUIT weld did not exhibit columnar grain growth, and instead equiaxed grains grew from the fusion boundary into the weld. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Residual Stress Measurement With Contour Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure, hardness, and residual stress

Liu

Chen

Hill

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Although not conducted for the purpose of this research, macrostresses in other principal directions could also be measured using the multiple-cut method [10]. The cut was made with a Sodick AQ535L wire electrical discharge machine (WEDM) with 0.25mm diameter uncoated brass wire and skim cut settings.…”

Section: Experimental Methods Ii: Contour Methods Measurements and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Stress in Metal-Matrix Composite Cylinder Measured by Neutron Diffraction and Contour Method

Luzin

Thorogood

Griffiths

et al. 2016

Residual Stresses 2016

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Abstract. A cylindrical sample, 14.8 mm in diameter, was machined from an Al-Mg-Si casting and then heat-treated. For the purposes of this research, the casting can be regarded as a two-phase composite of aluminium and 6 vol.% of near-spherical Si particles ~3 µm in diameter. Residual stresses in the cylinder are (i) long-range macrostresses resulting from the transient temperature gradients formed during heat-treatment, and (ii) short-range microstresses resulting from differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between Al and Si. Neutron diffraction has been used to measure the stress tensors in each phase of the composite as a function of radial position with 2 mm spatial resolution and the microstress and macrostress components have been successfully separated. The contour method was applied to measure the axial component of the macrostress and the results are in good agreement with the neutron diffraction data. IntroductionAl-Mg-Si castings are used in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their excellent castability, corrosion resistance, weldability and machinability, all combined with good mechanical properties. Typically, components are used in the heat-treated condition to achieve optimum mechanical properties.Long-range residual stresses, or macrostresses, occur in the castings as a result of both the casting process and the subsequent heat-treatment ("long-range" means that the stresses vary over distances comparable to the size of the component). Heat-treatment comprises two steps, namely solutiontreatment and ageing. The solution-treatment comprises an anneal at 540°C followed by quenching into water, the resulting transient temperature gradients being responsible for long-range residual stresses. The macrostress produced through quenching usually results in a tensile core and compressive periphery, though the actual stress distribution obviously depends on the sample geometry.Short-range residual stresses, or microstresses, are the result of differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the microstructural constituents of the microstructure. The stresses vary over distances comparable to the scale of the microstructure.In the current work, one such system that produces macro-and microstress is studied: a two-phase composite of near-spherical Si particles with 6 vol.% and ~3 µm in diameter in an aluminium matrix. In this paper only stresses caused by the heat-treatment are considered.Several methods exist for the measurement of residual stress [1], each having its advantages and suitability for particular applications. Neutron diffraction is particularly suitable for measuring both the micro-and macrostresses in composite materials [2] although analysis of the data is notoriously

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“…In more practical terms for this particular case, the specimen was cut with a Mitsubishi FA-20 wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) (Mitsubishi Electric, Agrate Brianza, Italy) using a 0.25 mm diameter copper wire in a deionized water bath. The specimen was rigidly clamped on both sides in order to avoid misalignment during the stress relief, which has been indicated as a very crucial point for obtaining accurate residual stress profiles from the contour method [2,16]. The deformed geometry was then characterized on a DEA Image Global Clima CMM (Hexagon Metrology SPA, Torino, Italy) equipped with a 30 mm high steel stylus and a 3 mm tip contact probe.…”

Section: The Thermomechanical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Contour Method for 2-D Cross Sectional Residual Stress Measurements of Friction Stir Welded Parts of AA2024-T3—Numerical and Experimental Comparison

Sonne

Carlone

Hattel

2017

Metals

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Abstract:The contour method is one of the newest techniques for obtaining residual stress fields from friction stir welded (FSW) parts, experimentally. This method has many advantages; however, edge effects coming from the process itself might introduce artifacts in the obtained results, and this was slightly touched upon in the very first paper on the method. This concern is further assessed in the present work, where the contour method is compared with the results that were obtained numerically via a thermomechanical model and experimentally via the cut-compliance method. For the two-dimensional (2-D) cross sectional map obtained by the method, peak stresses in tension are observed in the mid-section of the FSW butt-welded plates at the distance of the tool radius from the centerline. The corresponding numerical simulation indicates the same behavior because of the particular clamping conditions, and consequently this should not be interpreted as a misleading result of the contour method. Edge effects from the cutting process involved in the contour method should, however, be taken into consideration, most likely resulting in the residual stresses observed near the surfaces of the cross section being less extreme in reality than observed.

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Measuring Multiple Residual-Stress Components using the Contour Method and Multiple Cuts

Cited by 129 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure, hardness, and residual stress

Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure, hardness, and residual stress

Residual Stress in Metal-Matrix Composite Cylinder Measured by Neutron Diffraction and Contour Method

Assessment of the Contour Method for 2-D Cross Sectional Residual Stress Measurements of Friction Stir Welded Parts of AA2024-T3—Numerical and Experimental Comparison

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