Measuring nutritional diversity of national food supplies

Remans, Roseline; Wood, Stephen A.; Saha, Nilanjana; Anderman, Tal Lee; DeFries, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2014.07.001

Cited by 157 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This indicator is defined as the percentage of kilocalories available to a representative consumer from non-staple foods [21]. Staple foods vary dramatically by country and are defined as foods that are eaten routinely and in such quantities that they account for a large share of dietary energy intake.…”

Section: Non-staple Food Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seven Food System Metrics of Sustainable Nutrition Security

et al. 2016

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Sustainability considerations have been absent from most food security assessments conducted to date, despite the tremendous economic, environmental, and social implications of meeting accelerating food demand in the face of water shortages and climate change. In addition, previous food security work has generally focused only on achieving adequate calories, rather than addressing dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy, both of which are critical to maintaining a healthy overall nutritional status. In response to the limitations of previous assessments, a new methodology is proposed here based on the concept of "sustainable nutrition security" (SNS). This novel assessment methodology is intended to remedy both kinds of deficiencies in the previous work by defining seven metrics, each based on a combination of multiple indicators, for use in characterizing sustainable nutrition outcomes of food systems: (1) food nutrient adequacy; (2) ecosystem stability; (3) food affordability and availability; (4) sociocultural wellbeing; (5) food safety; (6) resilience; and (7) waste and loss reduction. Each of the metrics comprises multiple indicators that are combined to derive an overall score (0-100). A novel SNS assessment methodology based on these metrics can be deployed by decision-makers and investors to set meaningful goals, track progress, and evaluate the potential impact of food system interventions intended to improve sustainability and human nutrition outcomes.

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Section: Non-staple Food Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, the last indicator requires the collection of actual dietary data at the individual level, as well as estimates of inter-individual variation in dietary intake. All five of these indicators have recently appeared in the literature, and there are data available at the country level to calculate each of them [21][22][23].…”

Section: Food Nutrient Adequacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Food System Metrics of Sustainable Nutrition Security

et al. 2016

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“…Agrobiodiversity can impact ecosystem services directly, such as when increased crop diversity increases human nutrition [14], or indirectly, such as when cover crop diversity increases plant biomass, which is associated with improved water quality and decreased runoff [15]. Understanding linkages between agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services is crucial for predicting how changes in environment and management practices will impact the multiple ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems [16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many applications of trait-based research to agroecosystems have been conducted at the plot scale, while fewer studies have looked at larger or multiple spatial scales. Remans et al [14] showed that nutritional functional traits of crops are an important predictor of nutritionrelated health outcomes at a national scale. For animal nutrition, dry leaf matter content can be an important predictor of forage digestibility across broad climate conditions and management regimes [45].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional traits in agriculture: agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services

Wood

Karp

DeClerck

et al. 2015

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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“…However, future food and nutritional security has 42 become a major concern for both rich and poor, given the present concurrence of rising human 43 population, climate change and changing consumption habits (Porter et al, 2014). This new 44 reality has been recognised (Graham et al, 2007;Remans et al, 2014), with attention now being 45 paid to provision of the full range of nutrients in addition to calories, and to the development of 46 metrics describing food system resilience on an economy-by-economy basis. Cassidy et al 47 (2013) recognised that one important key to monitoring food security is to develop a metric for PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1841v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and nutritional security require adequate protein as well as energy, delivered from whole-year crop production

Coles

Wratten

Porter

2016

Preprint

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Abstract19 Human food security requires the production of sufficient quantities of both high-quality protein 20 and dietary energy. In a series of case-studies from New Zealand, we show that while production 21 of food ingredients from crops on arable land can meet human dietary energy requirements 22 effectively, requirements for high-quality protein are met more efficiently by animal production 23 from such land. We present a model that can be used to assess dietary energy and quality-24 corrected protein production from various crop and crop/animal production systems, and 25 demonstrate its utility. We extend our analysis with an accompanying economic analysis of 26 commercially-available, pre-prepared or simply-cooked foods that can be produced from our 27 case-study crop and animal products. We calculate the per-person, per-day cost of both quality-28 corrected protein and dietary energy as provided in the processed foods. We conclude that 29 mixed dairy/cropping systems provide the greatest quantity of high-quality protein per unit price 30 to the consumer, have the highest food energy production and can support the dietary 31 requirements of the highest number of people, when assessed as all-year-round production 32 systems. Global food and nutritional security will largely be an outcome of national or regional 33 agro-economies addressing their own food needs. We hope that our model will be used for 34 similar analyses of food production systems in other countries, agro-ecological zones and 35 economies. 37 Introduction38 Since World War II, food insecurity has been an issue concerning the world's poorest, with the 39 received wisdom being that such insecurity could be alleviated by eliminating local poverty 40 (McLaren, 1974) and improving food distribution, since globally, food has historically been 41 produced in excess of world population needs. However, future food and nutritional security has 42 become a major concern for both rich and poor, given the present concurrence of rising human 43 population, climate change and changing consumption habits (Porter et al., 2014). This new 44 reality has been recognised (Graham et al., 2007;Remans et al., 2014), with attention now being 45 paid to provision of the full range of nutrients in addition to calories, and to the development of 46 metrics describing food system resilience on an economy-by-economy basis. Cassidy et al. 47 (2013) recognised that one important key to monitoring food security is to develop a metric for PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1841v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec:

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Measuring nutritional diversity of national food supplies

Cited by 157 publications

References 38 publications

Seven Food System Metrics of Sustainable Nutrition Security

Seven Food System Metrics of Sustainable Nutrition Security

Functional traits in agriculture: agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services

Food and nutritional security require adequate protein as well as energy, delivered from whole-year crop production

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