Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences

Bellis, Mark A; Hughes, Karen; Hughes, Scott; Ashton, John

doi:10.1136/jech.2005.036517

Cited by 210 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In about one in 500 screen positive children, both parents will be affected, but this has a minor effect on the detection rate in parents (reducing it by only about 0.2%). It has been estimated that the father is not the biological parent in about 4% of families, 14 so about 2% of men tested in this way would be misclassified as having the disorder when they did not. But this Expected impact of proposed screening strategy Figure 5 shows two flow diagrams to illustrate the effect of screening a population of 10 000 children attending for vaccination at 15 months of age, one without and one with the use of DNA diagnosis.…”

Section: Serum Cholesterol Measurement In Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child-parent screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis

Wald¹,

Bestwick²,

Wald³

2007

BMJ

166

100

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Objective To develop a population screening strategy for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Design Meta-analysis of published data on total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in people with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia according to age. Thirteen studies reporting on 1907 cases and 16 221 controls were used in the analysis. Included studies had at least 10 cases and controls with data on the distribution of cholesterol in affected and unaffected individuals. Main outcome measures Detection rates (sensitivity) for specified false positive rates (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) in newborns and in age groups 1-9, 10-19, 20-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years. Results Serum cholesterol concentration discriminated best between people with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia at ages 1-9, when the detection rates with total cholesterol were 88%, 94%, and 96% for false positive rates of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%. The results were similar with LDL cholesterol. Screening newborns was much less effective. Once an affected child is identified, measurement of cholesterol would detect about 96% of parents with the disorder, using the simple rule that the parent with the higher serum cholesterol concentration is the affected parent. Conclusions The proposed strategy of screening children and parents for familial hypercholesterolaemia could have considerable impact in preventing the medical consequences of this disorder in two generations simultaneously.

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Section: Serum Cholesterol Measurement In Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child-parent screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis

Wald¹,

Bestwick²,

Wald³

2007

BMJ

166

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It should be pointed out that the effects of paternity uncertainty are not necessarily in contact with actual non paternity rates (cf. Gilding 2009) which have been estimated to between two and three percent in contemporary industrialized societies (Anderson 2006;Bellis et al 2005;Voracek et al 2008) but the important point is the potentiality of non paternity. It should also be pointed out that in general the evolutionary predispositions which might shape human's behaviour are not consciously intended motives for action but rather unconscious potentials which can be easily triggered out by the support of surrounding environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent grandchildren’s perceptions of grandparents’ involvement in UK: an interpretation from life course and evolutionary theory perspective

Danielsbacka

Tanskanen

2012

Eur J Ageing

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In this article, we study grandparental involvement from the viewpoint of evolutionary theory and sociological life course perception. We have used 'the Involved Grandparenting and Child Well-Being 2007' survey, which is the first nationally representative sample of British and Welsh adolescents aged 11-16 (n = 1,488). First, we explore with the descriptive statistics the amount of grandparental involvement reported by adolescents. The result follows the predicted pattern: maternal grandparent is reported to involve in a grandchild's life the most, second maternal grandfather, third paternal grandmother and the last paternal grandfather. Second, we focus more closely on separate grandparents and show with four linear regression models which factors are connected to each grandparent's involvement. Grandchild's age, grandparent's health, grandparent's labour force participation and distance between a grandparent and a grandchild were factors that have similar effects in relation to all grandparents. Marital status mattered only for grandfathers, whereas family structure of a grandchild has opposite effects in relation to maternal and paternal grandparents. Grandchild's sex, grandparent's age, the number of grandchildren and the number of living grandparents all mattered, but only with respect to some grandparents. The study shows that it is advantageous to merge sociological and evolutionary viewpoints when studying a grandparental involvement in a modern society.

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“…These studies have shown that median EPP rates are only between 1 and 3% in most Western European populations [11,21,23], although rates can be higher in low socioeconomic settings [24] and in some traditional small-scale societies, such as among Yanomami Indians [25] and the Himba [9]. Recent relatively unbiased studies carried out on bone marrow transplantation samples obtained maximum-likelihood estimates of EPP rates of only 0.94% in a German population [26] and of 0.65% in a Swiss population [27]-figures that are probably representative for most Western European populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low historical rates of cuckoldry in a Western European human population traced by Y-chromosome and genealogical data

et al. 2013

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Recent evidence suggests that seeking out extra-pair paternity (EPP) can be a viable alternative reproductive strategy for both males and females in many pair-bonded species, including humans. Accurate data on EPP rates in humans, however, are scant and mostly restricted to extant populations. Here, we provide the first large-scale, unbiased genetic study of historical EPP rates in a Western European human population based on combining Y-chromosomal data to infer genetic patrilineages with genealogical and surname data, which reflect known historical presumed paternity. Using two independent methods, we estimate that over the last few centuries, EPP rates in Flanders (Belgium) were only around 1-2% per generation. This figure is substantially lower than the 8-30% per generation reported in some behavioural studies on historical EPP rates, but comparable with the rates reported by other genetic studies of contemporary Western European populations. These results suggest that human EPP rates have not changed substantially during the last 400 years in Flanders and imply that legal genealogies rarely differ from the biological ones. This result has significant implications for a diverse set of fields, including human population genetics, historical demography, forensic science and human sociobiology.

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Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences

Cited by 210 publications

References 52 publications

Child-parent screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis

Child-parent screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia: screening strategy based on a meta-analysis

Adolescent grandchildren’s perceptions of grandparents’ involvement in UK: an interpretation from life course and evolutionary theory perspective

Low historical rates of cuckoldry in a Western European human population traced by Y-chromosome and genealogical data

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