Measuring Patient’s Orofacial Estheticsin in Prosthodontics: A Scoping Review of a Current Instrument

Abstract

Objective: Although prosthodontic treatment is aimed at improving oral function, esthetics has become the most common motivation for treatment. To ensure successful outcomes, valid and reliable instruments for comprehensively evaluating the esthetic aspects of prosthodontic treatment from both clinician perspective and patient self-assessment are needed. The literature on measurement tools used in prosthodontics to evaluate orofacial esthetic aspects was also studied. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to map existing instruments such as a questionnaire, index, or scale designed to evaluate orofacial esthetics by clinician and patient for prosthodontic treatment. Results: Of the 27 studies evaluated, the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) was used mostly for evaluating a patient’s esthetic perception. The ‘Dental Esthetic Screening Index’ (DESI) was found as the most currently developed instrument with objective quantification for the clinical situation having good reliability and validity. The Prosthetic Esthetic Index (PEI) also has sufficient psychometric properties as an objective assessment tool for clinicians. But the PEI and the DESI are still rarely used in research and practice. Teeth color and position were determined to be the most important factors in recognizing esthetic impairment. Following tooth analysis (appearance, color, alignment, space, proportion, and wear), gingival appearance, smile analysis, facial analysis, and unaesthetic restoration or prosthesis were the most important esthetic factors identified. Conclusion: Esthetics is subjective and is influenced by many factors. Instruments for subjective and objective evaluation are needed to determine the esthetic perceptions of clinicians and patients. OES, PEI and DESI were found to be relevant instruments for this.

Satisfaction and attitudes of the student population about dental aesthetics

“…Comparing the results of our research with studies of similar or the same content, we found significant coincidences regarding the desired esthetic treatment with the studies of Akarslan et al, Grzić et al, Tin-Oo et al, and Maghaireh et al as significant differences, and based on that we have singled out the most important factors that should be taken into account during the esthetic procedure on the teeth of patients (12,17,19,23). Esthetic conception is abstract and subjective; therefore, the formulation of a specific treatment goal and good communication between dentists and patients is crucial (15). Therefore, before starting therapy, it is important to find out all the patient's expectations regarding the proposed dental procedure, and sometimes it is necessary to find a compromise between the dentist's opinion and the patient's opinion, which is not always consistent (54,55).…”

“…The patient's subjective perception of his appearance is influenced by numerous factors, mostly cultural, socio-demographic factors, and nowadays the exceptional importance of different types of media (2,11,12). Furthermore, the influence of factors such as the psychological profile of the individual, his character, age, gender, and level of education is unquestionable (13)(14)(15)(16). Regarding education, not only the level of education but the type of education as well might influence the perception.…”

“…The previous studies worldwide conducted to evaluate satisfaction with dental esthetics have indicated a high percentage of dissatisfaction in humans. Individuals show varying degrees of sensitivity to certain esthetic issues, but in most studies, the greatest dissatisfaction was with the general appearance of the teeth, tooth color, poor front tooth alignment, and the presence of different restorations on the front teeth (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

A Comparison of Self-Perceived Oral and Facial Esthetics in Patients After Lip Repositioning Surgery With Modified and Conventional Techniques

“…The answers of the subjects were recorded using the OEQ (Table 1 ) [ 25 , 26 ]. The scale, which is of eight questions, was designed to measure participants' opinions of their own facial and oral esthetics at four time points.…”

Charting the Future of Oral Health: A Bibliometric Exploration of Quality-of-Life Research in Dentistry

“…A previous descriptive paper shows that OHRQoL-related research worldwide has recently peaked in productivity [ 13 ]. There have been a few pieces of research on the topic in Indonesia, from clinical studies [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] to developing an instrument that fits a particular targeted population [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Growing attention to OHRQoL in Indonesia is related to some concerning conditions.…”