Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of scale of surgical units on the productivity of patient processes. Methods: The context, intervention, mechanism, output (CIMO) model of Evaluation research is used. The scale-performance mechanisms are examined through resource intensity and throughput time per patient. The productivity of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery in a very large and a smaller hospital are compared. Results: While the large hospital performed 5.1 times more CABG surgeries per year than the smaller hospital, in terms of total resource consumption per patient it was 13% less productive. The large hospital had a 5% efficiency advantage in Operating Theatres (OTs), but it was 30% less efficient in ward care. Conclusions: Economies of scale are not found at the patient process level. Operating policies seem to assume more importance than scale.