“…While the principal portfolios are designed to capture most of the assets' variations, they are often perceived as being ad hoc statistical factors that lack an economic interpretation and are rather unstable over time. Addressing these objections, Meucci et al () suggest resorting to a factor model that can be orthogonalised in a way that ensures a minimum tracking error to the original factors. The authors start from a ‐factor model to explain asset returns and propose a methodology to change the standard representation of portfolio returns , into a representation in terms of uncorrelated factors , i.e., where b and denote the loadings of the portfolio returns with respect to the factor model F and , respectively.…”