Measuring quantitively peacebuilding co-benefits of cocoa agroforestry systems in the Colombian Amazon

Abstract

The IPCC's 6th assessment report underscores the potential of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to bolster peacebuilding outcomes. Evidence from environmental peacebuilding connects land-use systems with climate mitigation and peace outcomes, yet lacks a theoretical framework for assessing their impact, such as cocoa agroforestry systems. Addressing this gap, this paper introduces a sustainability assessment framework incorporating peacebuilding to evaluate cocoa production systems. We surveyed 427 smallholder cocoa farmers in the conflict-affected Colombian Amazon, categorizing them based on socioeconomic characteristics and agricultural practices. Utilizing survey indicators, we analyzed variations across typologies. Our findings indicate that agroforestry cocoa production systems positively impact yields, incomes, and peacebuilding by mitigating nature resource conflicts and fostering cooperation. We advocate for promoting these systems for climate mitigation and peacebuilding, stressing the need to enhance mechanization, market integration, and incorporate food security and nutrition initiatives aligned with agroecology principles.