Measuring Risk Allocation of Tax Burden for Small and Micro Enterprises

Xu, Bing; Li, Lili; Liang, Yan; Rahman, Mohib Ur

doi:10.3390/su11030741

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Pre-pandemic data indicate that the survival rate of the SME sector companies is one of the lowest among all enterprises [ 20 ]. This is confirmed by Xu B. et al [ 21 ], in the opinion of whom the SME failure rate is very high, even though they represent a significant part of the market and generate a high level of GDP. According to the latest report by PARP (The Polish Agency for Enterprise Development) on the condition of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland, both the level of newly established companies and the number of liquidated entities indicate slight upward trends [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Grondys

Ślusarczyk

Hussain

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The subject matter of the article relates to the assessment of the perception of selected types of risk in economic activities of the SME sector, which change their intensity as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current economic downturn is unprecedented and involves many companies and industries that have faced new, previously unknown challenges and threats. The objective of the article is to identify the most important risks and their resources based on the empirical research carried out in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The formulated objective was accomplished using the data collection method, i.e., the survey and reports on the condition of the SME sector in Poland as well as statistical data analysis methods, i.e., structure index and the analysis of variance, using the SPSS system. The process of primary data collection was carried out by means of an electronic survey among selected enterprises of the SME sector, conducting business activities in Poland. In the study, the employment factor was taken into account as a determinant of the perception and assessment of the intensity of selected risks arising from the economic activity in the Polish market in the conditions of the current economic downturn. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of market, economic, financial and operational risks, depending on their intensity, on the functioning of micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises was identified. Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of the size of the company on the level of individual risks was also examined. As a result of the observations made, it was established that, during the pandemic, the level and type of risk is similar in all the surveyed enterprises. They are most often threatened by strong competition in the industry, an increase in energy prices and insufficient profit. The overall results of the empirical research indicate the importance and the need to manage the key threats to the Polish SME sector.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Grondys

Ślusarczyk

Hussain

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In the end, the new tax law introduced a substantial cut in the corporate tax rate and a temporary allowance for investment expensing of certain classes of capital, both of which one would expect to encourage domestic investment by lowering the marginal effective tax rate on new investment. 6 Working in the same direction was the elimination of the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). This investment stimulus is somewhat offset by a new limit on interest deductibility and new restrictions on the ability of companies to use net operating losses to offset past or future income (through tax loss carrybacks and carryforwards).…”

Section: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act And Its Potential Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Effects of Corporate Tax Cuts

Auerbach

2018

Journal of Economic Perspectives

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On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), the most sweeping revision of US tax law since the Tax Reform Act of 1986. The law introduced many significant changes. However, perhaps none was as important as the changes in the treatment of traditional “C” corporations—those corporations subject to a separate corporate income tax. Beginning in 2018, the federal corporate tax rate fell from 35 percent to 21 percent, some investment qualified for immediate deduction as an expense, and multinational corporations faced a substantially modified treatment of their activities. This paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to understand its effects on resource allocation and distribution. It compares US corporate tax rates to other countries before the 2017 tax law, and describes ways in which the US corporate sector has evolved that are especially relevant to tax policy. The discussion then turns the main changes of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 for the corporate income tax. A range of estimates suggests that the law is likely to contribute to increased US capital investment and, through that, an increase in US wages. The magnitude of these increases is extremely difficult to predict. Indeed, the public debate about the benefits of the new corporate tax provisions enacted (and the alternatives not adopted) has highlighted the limitations of standard approaches in distributional analysis to assigning corporate tax burdens.

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“…Research on this topic was carried out by such scientists as Nazarov et al (2020), such economists as Arulampalam et al (2019), Xu et al (2019) and other. A special place in the study of tax administration and its digitalization is occupied by the works of such scientists as Aytkhozhina andMiller (2018), Gashi et al (2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%