“…There is near consensus that positive school climates foster conditions that facilitate students’ academic, social, and emotional needs (Cohen et al, 2009; Gage et al, 2016; McCoy et al, 2013; Ruiz et al, 2018). However, scholars conceptualize school climate broadly, describing it as some combination of beliefs, interactions, relationships, and organizational structures that shape students’, parents’, and staff members’ school experiences (Aldridge et al, 2018; Davis & Warner, 2018; Ryberg et al, 2020). Researchers have thus used varying measures to assess school climate (Berkowitz et al, 2017), positioning it as a multidimensional construct that broadly captures “the quality and character of school life” (National School Climate Council, 2007).…”