“…Only few studies had already investigated foreign language attributions with respect to specific language outcomes -for example, in reading, speaking, and listening comprehension (Demir, 2017;Gobel & Mori, 2007;Graham, 2006;Lian, 2012;Yilmaz, 2012). However, following empirical findings on learners' self-concepts (Arens & Jansen, 2016;Faber, 2012b;Holder, 2005;Lau, Yeung, Jin, & Low, 1999), further research in the field should more intensely explore task-specific attributions,and also scrutinize relevant instruments' validity, in order to gain more differentiated access to learners' beliefs to control their outcomes in foreign language vocabulary, listening, reading, writing, or grammar.…”