Measuring Sense of Presence and User Characteristics to Predict Effective Training in an Online Simulated Virtual Environment

Leo, Gianluca De; Diggs, Leigh Ann; Radici, Elena; Mastaglio, Thomas W.

doi:10.1097/sih.0b013e3182a99dd9

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Even though the physical effort of the simulation was, as expected, less than that required in the workplace, subjects reported similar mental demands, and the relationship between time spent in a simulated task and the sense of time pressure while performing it, was similar to the perceived relationship in the workplace. Although familiarity with virtual reality predicted more comfort with the simulation, as has been reported with other platforms [16], self-perceived success and satisfaction with the task, amount of effort put forth, and frustration during the simulated task, were correlated with similar experiences in real-world triage. The impression of a valid relationship between simulated and actual ED experiences is strengthened by 8 of 10 subjects indicating that the virtual world in the simulation task reflected their real world experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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A preliminary study of a novel emergency department nursing triage simulation for research applications

et al. 2017

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BackgroundStudying the effect on functioning of the emergency department of disasters with a potential impact on staff members themselves usually involves table top and simulated patient exercises. Computerized virtual reality simulations have the potential to configure a variety of scenarios to determine likely staff responses and how to address them without intensive utilization of resources. To decide whether such studies are justified, we determined whether a novel computer simulation has the potential to serve as a valid and reliable model of on essential function in a busy ED.MethodsTen experienced female ED triage nurses (mean age 51) mastered navigating a virtual reality model of triage of 4 patients in an ED with which they were familiar, after which they were presented in a testing session with triage of 6 patients whose cases were developed using the Emergency Severity Index to represent a range of severity and complexity. Attitudes toward the simulation, and perceived workload in the simulation and on the job, were assessed with questionnaires and the NASA task load index. Z-scores were calculated for data points reflecting subject actions, the time to perform them, patient prioritization according to severity, and the importance of the tasks. Data from questionnaires and scales were analyzed with descriptive statistics and paired t tests using SPSS v. 21. Microsoft Excel was used to compute a correlation matrix for all standardized variables and all simulation data.ResultsNurses perceived their work on the simulation task to be equivalent to their workload on the job in all aspects except for physical exertion. Although they were able to work with written communications with the patients, verbal communication would have been preferable. Consistent with the workplace, variability in performance during triage reflected subject skill and experience and was correlated with comfort with the task. Time to perform triage corresponded to the time required in the ED and virtual patients were prioritized appropriately according to severity.ConclusionsThis computerized simulation appears to be a reasonable accurate proxy for ED triage. If future studies of this kind of simulation with a broader range of subjects that includes verbal communication between virtual patients and subjects and interactions of multiple subjects, supports the initial impressions, the virtual ED could be used to study the impact of disaster scenarios on staff functioning.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2337-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…GaMeTT, which has been used for training a military emergency response group, is a 3D, interactive, avatar-based simulation designed to train on an internet platform, that increases a sense of involvement (presence) by participants [16]. Arrow keys and the mouse control avatar movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of a novel emergency department nursing triage simulation for research applications

et al. 2017

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“…The current study was performed not to measure the effectiveness of VR intervention, but to identify whether gamification of the preoperative process, using VR, would reduce preoperative anxiety. Additionally, the sense of presence is measured with presence questionnaires [ 18 ], which is not clinically suitable for children undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Third, repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) is the standard method for randomized controlled trials; however, it was not used for the analysis of the data in this study since the residual of the data did not follow a normal distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Gamification through a Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial

Ryu

Park

Nahm

et al. 2018

JCM

152

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The use of gamification in healthcare has been gaining popularity. This prospective, randomized, clinical trial was designed to evaluate whether gamification of the preoperative process—via virtual reality (VR) gaming that provides a vivid, immersive and realistic experience—could reduce preoperative anxiety in children. Seventy children scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into either the control or gamification group. Children in the control group received conventional education regarding the preoperative process, whereas those in the gamification group played a 5 min VR game experiencing the preoperative experience. Preoperative anxiety, induction compliance checklist (ICC), and procedural behavior rating scale (PBRS) were measured. Sixty-nine children were included in the final analysis (control group = 35, gamification = 34). Preoperative anxiety (28.3 [23.3–36.7] vs. 46.7 [31.7–51.7]; p < 0.001) and intraoperative compliance measured using ICC (p = 0.038) were lower in the gamification group than in the control group. However, PBRS (p = 0.092) and parent/guardian satisfaction (p = 0.268) were comparable between the two groups. VR experience of the preoperative process could reduce preoperative anxiety and improve compliance during anesthetic induction in children undergoing elective surgery and general anesthesia.

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“…Rigorously assessing sense of presence and immersion will thus be crucial in future works on SUDs with VR. While increased sense of presence can be linked to elevated individual engagement in VR, it also might result in negative effects, including sensations of vertigo or nausea during or after VR exposure (De Leo et al, 2014 ). These adverse physiological reactions are generally referred to as cybersickness .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Virtual Reality in Craving Assessment and Cue-Exposure Therapy in Substance Use Disorders

Hone‐Blanchet

Wensing

Fecteau

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

167

114

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Craving is recognized as an important diagnosis criterion for substance use disorders (SUDs) and a predictive factor of relapse. Various methods to study craving exist; however, suppressing craving to successfully promote abstinence remains an unmet clinical need in SUDs. One reason is that social and environmental contexts recalling drug and alcohol consumption in the everyday life of patients suffering from SUDs often initiate craving and provoke relapse. Current behavioral therapies for SUDs use the cue-exposure approach to suppress salience of social and environmental contexts that may induce craving. They facilitate learning and cognitive reinforcement of new behavior and entrain craving suppression in the presence of cues related to drug and alcohol consumption. Unfortunately, craving often overweighs behavioral training especially in real social and environmental contexts with peer pressure encouraging the use of substance, such as parties and bars. In this perspective, virtual reality (VR) is gaining interest in the development of cue-reactivity paradigms and practices new skills in treatment. VR enhances ecological validity of traditional craving-induction measurement. In this review, we discuss results from (1) studies using VR and alternative virtual agents in the induction of craving and (2) studies combining cue-exposure therapy with VR in the promotion of abstinence from drugs and alcohol use. They used virtual environments, displaying alcohol and drugs to SUD patients. Moreover, some environments included avatars. Hence, some studies have focused on the social interactions that are associated with drug-seeking behaviors and peer pressure. Findings indicate that VR can successfully increase craving. Studies combining cue–exposure therapy with virtual environment, however, reported mitigated success so far.

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Measuring Sense of Presence and User Characteristics to Predict Effective Training in an Online Simulated Virtual Environment

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

A preliminary study of a novel emergency department nursing triage simulation for research applications

A preliminary study of a novel emergency department nursing triage simulation for research applications

The Effect of Gamification through a Virtual Reality on Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial

The Use of Virtual Reality in Craving Assessment and Cue-Exposure Therapy in Substance Use Disorders

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