Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity among Korean Adults, 1998–2015

Hwang, Jongnam; Lee, Eun-Young; Lee, Chung Gun

doi:10.3390/ijerph16091617

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…According to our findings, SES, region of residence, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and hookah smoking (only for obesity) were the main positive contributors to socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity. Consistent with our results, literature in both developed and developing countries indicates that the factors such as income, marital status, education and physical activity were the major factors explaining socioeconomicrelated inequality in obesity [25,[55][56][57]. In contrast, some studies note that factors such as genetic determinants, environment features, race and family history of obesity can explain the concentration of obesity in a population that should be examined in future studies [58][59][60].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background: Overweight and obesity are major health concerns worldwide, with adverse health consequences during the life span. This study measured socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults. Methods: Data were extracted from 129,257 Iranian adults (aged 35 years and older) participated in the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) in 14 provinces of Iran in 2014. Socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity was estimated using the Concentration Index (C n ). The C n further decomposed to find factors explaining the variability within the Socioeconomic related inequality in overweight and obesity. Results: Of the total number of participants, 1.98, 26.82, 40.76 and 30.43% had underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity respectively. The age-and sex standardized prevalence of obesity was higher in females than males (39.85% vs 18.79%). People with high socioeconomic status (SES) had a 39 and 15% higher chance of being overweight and obese than low SES people, respectively. The positive value of C n suggested a higher concentration of overweight (0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.074-0.087) and obesity (0.027, 95% CI; 0.021-0.034) among groups with high SES. There was a wide variation in socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity rate across 14 provinces. The decomposition results suggested that SES factor itself explained 66.77 and 89.07% of the observed socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults respectively. Following SES, province of residence, physical activity, using hookah and smoking were the major contributors to the concentration of overweight and obesity among the rich. Conclusions: Overall, we found that overweight and obesity is concentrated among high SES people in the study population. . Accordingly, it seems that intersectional actions should be taken to control and prevent overweight and obesity among higher socioeconomic groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study

et al. 2020

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“…To describe health and nutrition inequalities, researchers have employed the concentration index as a useful method [ 9 ]. The index has been used to examine health and nutrition inequalities in areas such as cancer screening services and weight status [ 10 11 ]. In investigating health and nutritional inequalities, the concentration index has several merits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional disparities in healthy eating and nutritional status in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017

Lee

2020

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Concerns about regional disparities in heathy eating and nutritional status among South Korean adults are increasing. This study aims to identify the magnitude of regional disparities in diet and nutritional status among Korean adults who completed the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were a nationally representative sample of Korean adults aged 19 years and older from the 2017 KNHANES (n = 6,126). We employed the svy commands in STATA to accommodate the complex survey design. The relative concentration index (RCI), absolute concentration index (ACI) and index of disparity were used to measure regional nutritional inequalities. RESULTS: Overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the poor than among the rich in urban areas (RCI = −0.041; P < 0.05), while overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the rich than among the poor in rural areas of South Korea (RCI = 0.084; P < 0.05). Economic inequality in fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 500 g per day was greater in rural areas than in urban areas in both relative size (RCI = 0.228 vs. 0.091, difference in equality = 0.137; P < 0.05) and absolute size (ACI = 0.055 vs. 0.023, difference in equality = 0.032; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information identifying opposite directions in the relative concentration curves between urban and rural areas. Adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the poor in urban areas, while adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the rich in rural areas. Public health nutrition systems should be implemented to identify nutritional inequalities that should be targeted across regions in South Korea.

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“…Given the protective effect of high socioeconomic status (SES) against high BMI in youth [31,32,33], adults [34,35], and older adults [36,37], SES is one of the best candidates as an explanatory factor for explaining the BMI differences between blacks and whites [30]. This is particularly relevant given the literature that has linked low SES to higher BMI among black youth [32,38,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth

Assari

Boyce

Bazargan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Parental educational attainment is shown to be protective against health problems; the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory, however, posits that these protective effects tend to be smaller for socially marginalized groups particularly blacks than whites. Aims: To explore racial differences in the effect of parental educational attainment on body mass index (BMI) in a national sample of US adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data of 10,701 (8678 white and 2023 black) 12–17 years old adolescents in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013). Parental educational attainment was the predictor. Youth BMI (based on self-reported weight and height) was the dependent variable. Age, gender, ethnicity, and family structure were covariates. Race was the focal moderator. Results: Overall, higher parental educational attainment was associated with lower youth BMI. Race, however, moderated the effect of parental educational attainment on BMI, suggesting that the protective effect of parental educational attainment on BMI is significantly smaller for black than white youth. Conclusions: In the United States, race alters the health gains that are expected to follow parental educational attainment. While white youth who are from highly educated families are fit, black youth have high BMI at all levels of parental educational attainment. This means, while the most socially privileged group, whites, gain the most health from their parental education, blacks, the least privileged group, gain the least. Economic, social, public, and health policymakers should be aware that health disparities are not all due to lower socioeconomic status (SES) of the disadvantaged group but also diminished returns of SES resources for them. Black–white health disparities exist across all high socioeconomic status (SES) levels.

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Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity among Korean Adults, 1998–2015

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study

Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study

Regional disparities in healthy eating and nutritional status in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017

Unequal Protective Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on the Body Mass Index of Black and White Youth

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