Measuring Spatial Presence: Introducing and Validating the Pictorial Presence SAM

Weibel, David; Schmutz, Jan B.; Pahud, Olivier; Wissmath, Bartholomäus

doi:10.1162/pres_a_00214

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A manipulation check was conducted to see whether participants perceived the provided 360-degree content as if they were in the actual place using three items of spatial presence (e.g. I felt as though I was physically present in the store; Weibel et al , 2015). The one-sample test showed that participants experienced spatial presence ( M = 4.79, SD = 1.62) that was significantly higher than the moderate value of 4 on the seven-point Likert scale ( t (239) = 7.52, p < 0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the virtual tours of retail stores: how can store brand experience promote visit intentions?

Baek

Choo

Wei³

et al. 2020

IJRDM

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PurposeAs consumers spend more time shopping online, traditional retailers are facing a decline in on-site shoppers. To help the industry in the omnichannel era, we propose that a virtual tour of a store could affect brand equity and promote store visit intentions, based on a well-established brand experience account.Design/methodology/approachThe virtual tour stimuli were created using 360-degree photos of real stores. Participants explored the store virtually and then completed an online survey. With 240 responses drawn from the general population in the US, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used.FindingsResults showed that store brand experiences significantly affected consumers and the four brand experience dimensions exerted differentiated effects. Sensory and behavioural experiences directly increased intentions to visit the store, whereas intellectual and emotional experiences promoted visit intentions via enhanced brand equity.Originality/valueThis is the first retail study investigating a virtual tour through the lens of brand experience. It is also one of a handful that examined the distinctive effects of the four brand experience dimensions, which deserve scholars’ attention and further inquiry. The virtual tour can be a powerful branding tool in the online-dominant retailing era. Retailers can employ a virtual tour not only to increase brand equity but also to cultivate consumers’ intentions to visit their stores. Furthermore, the use of 360-degree interactive media to evoke the virtual experience of a store renders higher generalizability and extendibility in future research and practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the virtual tours of retail stores: how can store brand experience promote visit intentions?

Baek

Choo

Wei³

et al. 2020

IJRDM

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show abstract

“…Although this seems to be quite a common limitation in validation studies of this kind (e.g. Lorish & Maisiak, 1986;Weibel et al, 2015), future research may wish to compare the set-up used in the current study (i.e. administrating the PSIUS and the verbal benchmark scale in the same study) with a set-up in which only the PSIUS is administered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In emotion research, a pictorial scale was developed to measure dimensions of emotion with a manikin (SAM, Self-Assessment Manikin, Bradley & Lang, 1994). The original SAM triggered further developments such as an animated version of it (Sonderegger et al, 2016) or a pictorial instrument to measure spatial presence (Presence SAM, Weibel et al, 2015;Wissmath et al, 2010). In the context of consumer good evaluation, product-related emotions are measured by using pictorial scales such as PREMO (Product Emotion Measurement Tool, Desmet, 2003) and LEMtool (Layered Emotion Measurement Tool, Capota et al, 2007).…”

Section: Measuring Psychological Constructs By Using Pictorial Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thinking aloud technique followed a standardized procedure, which was divided in two parts: initial exposure phase and item evaluation phase. This approach was already used by Weibel et al (2015) to test the comprehension of pictorial material. In the initial exposure phase, participants were presented the scale and asked to verbalise what they see.…”

Section: Think-aloud Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No need to read: Developing a pictorial single-item scale for measuring perceived usability

Baumgartner

Sonderegger

Sauer

2019

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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To facilitate the measurement of perceived usability in product evaluation, we have developed a oneitem pictorial scale called PSIUS (Pictorial Single-Item Usability Scale), which aims to measure the satisfaction component of the usability construct. This bipolar scale consists of three main visual elements: satisfaction with the system, emotions experienced during system use and system to be evaluated. Employing a user-centred iterative design process, the scale was tested in two validation studies (N=60; N=38) using student participants. Sensitivity, convergent validity, divergent validity and criterion-related validity of the scale were determined. The results showed that satisfactory convergent validity was achieved, with the pictorial scale showing strong correlations with sum scores of established usability scales such as the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Post Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). The other validity coefficients also showed overall positive results, suggesting that the development of the pictorial scale may be a promising endeavour. The PSIUS represents an initial attempt to provide a nonverbal approach to the summative evaluation of technical systems.

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“…Putting this together, spatial presence is the illusion of "being there" [30], thereby enabling to forget the real world. Spatial presence, referred to as "telepresence" in a virtual environment, take place when the users are fully immersed, so that they are able to experience vivid spatial illusions [40,67]. Wirth et al [69] explained the formation of spatial presence experiences by integrating psychological concepts; they argue that spatial presence is formed by two elements: self-location (SPSL) and possible actions (SPPA).…”

Section: Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

TeleGate: Multi-user Semi-teleportation for Remote Collaboration in Mixed Reality 360-Videos

Kim¹

2021

Preprint

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Telepresence systems enable people to feel present in a remote space while their bodies remain in their local space. To enhance telepresence, the remote environment needs to be captured and visualised in an immersive way. For instance, 360-degree videos (360-videos) shown on head-mounted displays (HMDs) provide high fidelity telepresence in a remote place. Mixed reality (MR) in 360-videos enables interactions with virtual objects blended in the captured remote environment while it allows telepresence only for a single user wearing HMD. For this reason, it has limitations when multiple users want to experience telepresence together and naturally collaborate within a teleported space. This thesis presents TeleGate, a novel multi-user teleportation platform for remote collaboration in a MR space. TeleGate provides "semi-teleportation" into the MR space using large-scale displays, acting as a bridge between the local physical communication space and the remote collaboration space created by MR with captured 360-videos. Our proposed platform enables multi-user semi-teleportation to perform collaborative tasks in the remote MR collaboration (MRC) space while allowing for natural communication between collaborators in the same local physical space. We implemented a working prototype of TeleGate and then conducted a user study to evaluate our concept of semi-teleportation. We measured the spatial presence, social presence while participants performed remote collaborative tasks in the MRC space. Additionally, we also explored the different control mechanisms within the platform in the remote MR collaboration scenario. In conclusion, TeleGate enabled multiple co-located users to semi-teleport together using large-scale displays for remote collaboration in MR 360-videos.

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Measuring Spatial Presence: Introducing and Validating the Pictorial Presence SAM

Cited by 33 publications

References 47 publications

Understanding the virtual tours of retail stores: how can store brand experience promote visit intentions?

Understanding the virtual tours of retail stores: how can store brand experience promote visit intentions?

No need to read: Developing a pictorial single-item scale for measuring perceived usability

TeleGate: Multi-user Semi-teleportation for Remote Collaboration in Mixed Reality 360-Videos

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