Measuring spore settling velocity for an improved assessment of dispersal rates in mosses

Zanatta, Florian; Patiño, Jairo; Lebeau, Frédéric; Massinon, Mathieu; Hylander, Kristoffer; Haan, Myriam de; Ballings, Petra; Degreef, Jérôme; Vanderpoorten, Alain

doi:10.1093/aob/mcw092

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The mean of the minimum and maximum plant height was used as an estimate of release height (see Table S1.1 in Appendix S1). For bryophytes, terminal velocity was calculated using Stoke's law for small particles (see Table S1.2 in Appendix S1) with the same parameter values as Zanatta et al (2016). The capsule frequency for bryophytes, which should be related to the number of spores produced in a year, was classified according to the following scale: R = Absent or rare; O = Occasional; F = Frequent, as defined from literature (see Table S1.2 in Appendix S1), field experience and with the help of leading Swedish bryologists (see Acknowledgements).…”

Section: Stockholmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcicolous plants colonize limed mires after long‐distance dispersal

Lönnell

Hylander

2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Dispersal range is a key factor for understanding species' persistence in dynamic landscapes. However, dispersal, especially over long distances, is inherently difficult to study. Making use of a unique system of anthropogenically disturbed, geographically isolated mires, we assessed dispersal ranges for a group of plants restricted to wet calcareous conditions via empirical studies of colonization patterns. We hypothesized that more species would have colonized the less isolated mires and that colonization frequencies would be related to traits influencing propagule pressure. Location Sweden. Taxon Calcicolous vascular plants and bryophytes. Methods The study system consisted of 52 acidic mires that had acquired a high pH through active liming by the Swedish government during the past two decades. These conditions killed off mat‐forming peat mosses, rendering the mires open to colonization by other species. In each mire, we recorded the presence of rich fen plant species typically found in high pH wet soils throughout the country. We used citizen science‐collected records of occurrences of obligate‐rich fen species surrounding each mire to examine the likely dispersal distances that were involved in creating the colonization patterns. Results A lower proportion of vascular plants than bryophytes from their respective species pools colonized the limed mires (27% vs. 67%, p = .001). The number of colonized rich fen species per site was 0–6 for vascular plants and 10–31 for bryophytes, and was positively related to potential diaspore sources >20 km from the mires (p = .026 and p = .012, respectively). The proportion of colonized mires was positively related to the species' regional frequency, but not with their diaspores' terminal velocity. Main conclusions Many bryophyte species can effectively disperse over long distances (tens of kilometres) and variation among species in total diaspore production seems to be an important regulator of colonization across landscapes, for both vascular plants and bryophytes, in communities that are open to colonization.

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Section: Stockholmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcicolous plants colonize limed mires after long‐distance dispersal

Lönnell

Hylander

2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Even though both groups present clear adaptations to favour wind dispersal, their traits are likely to operate at different scales. While dispersal of the first group's diaspores is probably restricted within a short range, dust seeds have greater potential to be dispersed at longer distances (Nathan et al, ; Zanatta et al, ). Most orchids seeds are comparable in size to the diaspores of ferns, mosses, liverworts and fungi (lichens), groups that have been found to have distribution patterns that can be explained by prevailing wind connectivity (Muñoz et al, ; Sanmartín et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diaspore Syndrome and Biogeographic Lddmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of abiotic mechanisms of long‐distance dispersal in the American origin of the Galápagos flora

Fajardo

Mateo

Vargas

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Long‐distance dispersal research in plants has long been dominated by the assumption that an association between plant diaspore adaptations and related transport vectors (standard dispersal) determines the success of colonization. However, the role of diaspore adaptations in a biogeographic context is being increasingly questioned, as evidence reveals that unspecialized plants have been successful colonizers by recurrent non‐standard dispersal. We studied wind and oceanic currents as vectors for long‐distance plant dispersal between the Americas and the Galápagos Islands with the focus on diaspore specializations to gain knowledge on the net contribution of standard and non‐standard dispersal mechanisms. Location Eastern Pacific Ocean: the American continent and Galápagos. Major taxa studied Non‐endemic angiosperms native to Galápagos and the American continent. Methods We used connectivity models for prevailing wind and ocean currents based on satellite data to explore the correspondence between connectivity and species distribution patterns. Using a randomization test to eliminate the effect of wind and current directionality, we evaluated whether the proportion of species that is more connected than randomly expected varies for the five diaspore specialization groups. Results We found that a large percentage of the plants are present in areas of the continent where ocean current connectivity with the archipelago is higher than expected by chance, while the percentage is small for areas with high wind connectivity. We did not find correspondence between species long‐distance dispersal specialization and the connectivity provided by either of the two abiotic vectors. Main conclusions Our results of ocean current connectivity – over wind connectivity – lead us to hypothesize that rafting dispersal has been significant in connecting the biota of Central/South America and the Galápagos Islands. This result supports a more prominent role of non‐standard dispersal mechanisms in a biogeographic context than accepted in traditional schemes.

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“…For example, the larger settling velocity observed for Liliopsida (2.8 cm s -1 ) might be because plants belonging to this class produce pollen with unicolpate structures, while the smaller settling velocities observed for rosids (0.44 cm s -1 ) and asterids (0.54 cm s -1 ) might be because plants belonging to these clades produce tricolpate pollen structures, which result in larger frictional resistance in the atmosphere. The smallest settling velocity observed for Bryopsida (mosses) (0.027 cm s -1 ) might be because the spores they produce (8-40 μm) (Zanatta et al, 2016;Hill et al, 2007) are smaller than the pollen grains produced by Spermatophyta (10-100 μm) (Hinds, 1999;Jacobson and Morris, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant assemblages in atmospheric deposition

Dong¹,

Woo²,

Yamamoto³

2019

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Plants disperse spores, pollen, and fragments into the atmosphere. The emitted plant particles return to the pedosphere by sedimentation (dry deposition) and/or by precipitation (wet deposition) and constitute part of the global cycle of substances. However, little is known regarding the taxonomic diversities and flux densities of plant particles deposited from the atmosphere. Here, plant assemblages were examined in atmospheric deposits collected in Seoul in South Korea. A custom-made automatic sampler was used to collect dry and wet deposition samples for which plant assemblages and quantities were determined using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR with universal plant-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Dry deposition was dominant for atmospheric deposition of plant particles (87&#8201;%). The remaining 13&#8201;% was deposited by precipitation, i.e., wet deposition, via rainout (in-cloud scavenging) and/or washout (below-cloud scavenging). Plant assemblage structures did not differ significantly between dry and wet deposition, indicating that washout, which is likely taxon-independent, predominated rainout, which is likely taxon-dependent, for wet deposition of atmospheric plant particles. A small number of plant genera were detected only in wet deposition, indicating that they might be specifically involved in precipitation through acting as nucleation sites in the atmosphere. Future interannual monitoring will control for the seasonality of atmospheric plant assemblages observed at our sampling site. Future global monitoring is also proposed to investigate geographical differences and investigate whether endemic species are involved in plant-mediated bioprecipitation in regional ecological systems.</p>

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Measuring spore settling velocity for an improved assessment of dispersal rates in mosses

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Calcicolous plants colonize limed mires after long‐distance dispersal

Calcicolous plants colonize limed mires after long‐distance dispersal

The role of abiotic mechanisms of long‐distance dispersal in the American origin of the Galápagos flora

Plant assemblages in atmospheric deposition

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