Measuring state-of-order by dielectric response: A comprehensive review on Fröhlich entropy estimation

Determining Dielectric Constants for Complex Solvent Mixtures by Microwave Sensing and Model Prediction

“…Without an applied MW field, μ i = μ i ° + RT ln γ i x i , where μ i ° is the pure component chemical potential and γ i is the activity coefficient of component i , which is 1 for ideal solutions. The chemical potential change of a component is The electric-field-driven polarization and the reverse relaxation are activated processes associated with free energy variations. , The Δ G m and Δμ i apparently depend on frequency of the applied fields. Thus, the mixture ε r,mix and single component ε r, i are frequency-dependent and related to Δ G m and Δμ i by The preexponential ε r,mix ° and ε r, i ° are dielectric constants of the solution and pure component i at high frequency where the polarization-induced Δ G m and Δμ i approach zero.…”

“…The electric-field-driven polarization and the reverse relaxation are activated processes associated with free energy variations. 53,54 The ΔG m and Δμ i apparently depend on frequency of the applied fields. Thus, the mixture ε r,mix and single component ε r,i are frequency-dependent and related to ΔG m and Δμ i by…”

Cu-Doping-Modified Order State, Ferroelectric Property, Multiscale Inhomogeneities, and Local Structure in the Relaxor KTa1–xNbxO3 Crystal

“…Fröhlich entropy can well describe the order state of the domain structure and signals the features of the considered phase and correlated transitions. Parravicini et al have reviewed the application of Fröhlich entropy for measuring the state of the order and explored the order/disorder state in KTN: Li and KTN: Na systems. − Through Fröhlich entropy measurement, they found the solid-like and liquid-like arrangements of PNRs and anisotropic features of PNR orientation. The dielectric response to the driving force (electric field, temperature, etc.)…”