Measuring T-Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Is of Utility for Disease and Vaccination Management

Safont, Guillem; Latorre, Irene; Villar-Hernández, Raquel; Stojanović, Zoran; Marín, Alicia; Pérez-Cano, Cristina; Lacoma, Alícia; Molina-Moya, Bárbara; Solis, Alan Jhunior; Arméstar, Fernándo; Matllo, Joan; Díaz-Fernández, Sergio; Cendón, Arnau; Sokalchuk, Liliya; Tolosa, Guillermo; Casas, Irma; Rosell, Antoni; Domínguez, José

doi:10.3390/jcm11175103

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They discovered that only half of the vaccinated people had an IFN-gamma T-cell response after the second dosage and that the probabilities of an IFN-gamma T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 were low during the acute phase but might improve with time. This study indicates the importance of T-cell screening to study the dynamics of T cells in the vaccinated population [ 198 ].…”

Section: Methods For Large-scale Screening Of T-cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Researchers also evaluated IgG against spikes and nucleocapsids. The greatest percentage of T-cell responses were induced by S-protein [ 198 ]. When compared to convalescent patients, acute patients had a lower proportion of favourable reactions, although these responses increased with hospitalisation and severity.…”

Section: Methods For Large-scale Screening Of T-cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their abilities to evade the immune response elicited through presently available vaccination makes it essential to recognize the mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the human immune response. It is essential not only to comprehend the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 but also for the generation of effective and reliable vaccines against COVID-19. The effectiveness of the vaccine is supported by the adaptive immune response, which mainly consists of B and T cells, which play a critical role in deciding the prognosis of the COVID-19 disease. T cells are essential for reducing the viral load and containing the infection. A plethora of viral proteins can be recognized by T cells and provide a broad range of protection, especially amid the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2. However, the hyperactivation of the effector T cells and reduced number of lymphocytes have been found to be the key characteristics of the severe disease. Notably, excessive T cell activation may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by producing unwarranted and excessive amounts of cytokines and chemokines. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how T-cell-mediated immune responses function in determining the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, it is unknown how the functional perturbations in the T cells lead to the severe form of the disease and to reduced protection not only against SARS-CoV-2 but many other viral infections. Hence, an updated review has been developed to understand the involvement of T cells in the infection mechanism, which in turn determines the prognosis of the disease. Importantly, we have also focused on the T cells’ exhaustion under certain conditions and how these functional perturbations can be modulated for an effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, a range of therapeutic strategies has been discussed that can elevate the T cell-mediated immune response either directly or indirectly.

show abstract

Section: Methods For Large-scale Screening Of T-cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methods For Large-scale Screening Of T-cell Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Detection of COVID-19 specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreting T cells by ELISPOT is one the most recent method for assessment of the cellular immune response against COVID-19 after vaccination. 57 The functional activity of immune responses are assessed by neutralization assays using either wild-type virus or pseudovirus in vitro. Thus, to establish an immunological correlation of vaccine protection, which may then be utilized to direct subsequent vaccine development, immune assays are necessary.…”

Section: Assessment Of Vaccine Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Qualitative/Quantitative Analytical Tools in COVID-19 Vaccine Development

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for effective vaccines. The development of a COVID-19 vaccine requires extensive analysis to ensure its safety and efficacy. In this review, the importance of analytical tools in COVID-19 vaccine development was discussed. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Scopus was conducted. Analytical tools play a crucial role in COVID-19 vaccine development, from the initial stages of antigen characterization to vaccine formulation and efficacy testing. The tools used include immunoassay-based methods, separation-based methods, and microscopy. These tools facilitate the characterization of antigens, selection of adjuvants, optimization of formulation, and stability testing. Moreover, analytical tools enable the evaluation of vaccine safety and efficacy, which are necessary for regulatory approval. Therefore, the implementation of analytical tools in COVID-19 vaccine development is crucial in ensuring the timely and successful development of a vaccine to combat the pandemic.

show abstract

“…Commercial whole-blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) or enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays, such as QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2, Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IGRA, and T-SPOT.COVID, have been evaluated in vaccinees with or without breakthrough infection (BI) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, because there are no standardization materials or harmonization protocols for SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response assays, the comparability of those assays cannot be assumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Four T-cell Assays and Two Binding Antibody Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees With or Without Omicron Breakthrough Infection

Seo

Nam

et al. 2023

Ann Lab Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Several T-cell response assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are available; however, their comparability and correlations with antibody responses remain unclear. We compared four SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response assays and two anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays.Methods: We enrolled 89 participants who had received a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccine. Fifty-six participants without breakthrough infection (BI) (ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 group: N = 27; BNT162b2 group: N = 29) and 33 with BI were included. We evaluated two whole-blood interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) (QuantiFERON and Euroimmun), T-SPOT.COVID, an in-house enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay (targeting the spike and nucleocapsid peptides of wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2), Abbott IgG II Quant, and Elecsys Anti-S, using Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Spearman's correlation tests. Results:The correlations between the IGRAs and between the ELISPOT assays (ρ = 0.60-0.70) were stronger than those between the IGRAs and ELISPOT assays (ρ = 0.33-0.57). T-SPOT.COVID showed a strong correlation with Omicron ELISPOT (ρ=0.70). The anti-spike antibody assays showed moderate correlations with T-SPOT.COVID, Euroimmun IGRA, and ELISPOT (ρ=0.43-0.62). Correlations tended to be higher in the BI than in the noninfected group, indicating that infection induces a stronger immune response.Conclusions: T-cell response assays show moderate to strong correlations, particularly when using the same platform. T-SPOT.COVID exhibits potential for estimating immune responses to the Omicron variant. To accurately define SARS-CoV-2 immune status, both T-cell and B-cell response measurements are necessary.

show abstract

Measuring T-Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Is of Utility for Disease and Vaccination Management

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines

Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines

The Importance of Qualitative/Quantitative Analytical Tools in COVID-19 Vaccine Development

Comparison of Four T-cell Assays and Two Binding Antibody Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees With or Without Omicron Breakthrough Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About