Measuring teamwork in primary care: Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data.

Abstract

This article describes the triangulation of qualitative dimensions, reflecting high functioning teams, with the results of standardized teamwork measures. The study used a mixed methods design using qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess teamwork in 19 Family Health Teams in Ontario, Canada. This article describes dimensions from the qualitative phase using grounded theory to explore the issues and challenges to teamwork. Two quantitative measures were used in the study, the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) and the Providing Effective Resources and Knowledge (PERK) scale. For the triangulation analysis, the mean scores of these measures were compared with the qualitatively derived ratings for the dimensions. The final sample for the qualitative component was 107 participants. The qualitative analysis identified 9 dimensions related to high team functioning such as common philosophy, scope of practice, conflict resolution, change management, leadership, and team evolution. From these dimensions, teams were categorized numerically as high, moderate, or low functioning. Three hundred seventeen team members completed the survey measures. Mean site scores for the TCI and PERK were 3.87 and 3.88, respectively (of 5). The TCI was associated will all dimensions except for team location, space allocation, and executive director leadership. The PERK was associated with all dimensions except team location. Data triangulation provided qualitative and quantitative evidence of what constitutes teamwork. Leadership was pivotal in forging a common philosophy and encouraging team collaboration. Teams used conflict resolution strategies and adapted to the changes they encountered. These dimensions advanced the team's evolution toward a high functioning team.

Evaluación diagnóstica de necesidades en un equipamiento de educación ambiental mediante la triangulación múltiple de datos

“…In essence, triangulation consists of documenting information and contrasting it according to different points of view, which is why we talk about the triangulation of techniques, agents, times, and even methodologies. As a contrast technique, it reveals the contradiction, inconsistency or convergence between data obtained by different sources, as proven by, among others, the works of Bjurulf et al (2013), Brown et al (2015), Flick (2005), López et al (2013), Teixeira et al (2012), Van Drie and Dekker (2013). In addition, with Barusch et al (2011), Bekhet and Zauszniewski (2012), Beattie et al (2005), Hind (2017), Newman et al (2013), Oelinik (2015), Okoe and Boateng (2016), Schraeli et al (2017), Stutz (2016) and Torrance (2012), we can affirm that triangulation strategies allow the exercise of quality control over qualitative research processes, offering confidence tests and guarantees that the results and findings proposed there meet minimum requirements of credibility, rigor, veracity and robustness.…”

Factors Influencing Teamwork in Health Care

“…Some specific papers addressed health care in particular, but most of them were merely a literature review without any empirical contribution or simply focusing on the case-study method. The most notable findings suggest that leadership is a crucial factor in shaping the teamwork (Brown et al, 2015). This issue was studied in Poland (Kotas, 2015) but in a rather general manner describing the success factors in social services in general rather than in health care in particular.…”

Prática interprofissional colaborativa e clima do trabalho em equipe na Atenção Primária à Saúde

“…Embora a utilização de diferentes paradigmas em um mesmo estudo resulte em debate entre pesquisadores, discorre-se sobre a potencialidade do uso de ambos paradigmas para compreensão em profundidade dos objetos de estudo (113)(114)(115) . Tendo como premissa central, o fato de que a combinação das pesquisas qualitativa e qualitativa pode prover melhor entendimento acerca do problema de pesquisa se comparado ao uso da pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa isoladamente (116).…”

“…Entretanto, ao utilizar paradigmas qualitativos e quantitativos em um mesmo estudo cabe observar suas diferenças epistemológicas e ontológicas (113) antes de buscar comparações entre tais paradigmas. É necessário compreender que o uso da triangulação depende da posição filosófica do pesquisador (113 (115) . Os autores denominam a terceira etapa do estudo como triangulação dos dados.…”