Measuring the Burden of Surgical Disease Averted by Emergency and Essential Surgical Care in a District Hospital in Papua New Guinea

Guest, Glenn; Mamadi, Perista; Seta, Westin; Yaubihi, N; Karawiga, Grace; Naidi, Billy; Watters, David

doi:10.1007/s00268-016-3769-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The GSA group evaluated in our study presented increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), accompanied by decreased levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, which is in accordance with previous literature [27]. Although the lower expression of the CD80 and CD86 adhesion molecules are linked to an ineffective immune response, and consequently, to a compromised inflammatory response, studies have shown that chronic exposure to toxic agents, such as BTX compounds, could contribute to the development of an inflammatory process, which is involved in the development of different types of cancer and tumor progress [28, 29]. In addition, during the hepatic biotransformation of BTX compounds, many oxidative and reactive species are produced, which could contribute to the increased of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as evidenced in our results through of moderate correlations among immunological and inflammation biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in gasoline station attendants

Moro

Saüer

Brucker

et al. 2019

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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BackgroundGasoline is a complex mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, in which aromatic compounds, such as BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) feature as the main constituents. Simultaneous exposure to these aromatic hydrocarbons causes a significant impact on benzene toxicity. In order to detect early alterations caused in gasoline station attendants exposed to BTX compounds, immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated.MethodsA total of 66 male subjects participated in this study. The gasoline station attendants (GSA) group consisted of 38 gasoline station attendants from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The non-exposed group consisted of 28 subjects who were non-smokers and who had no history of occupational exposure. Environmental and biological monitoring of BTX exposure was performed using blood and urine.ResultsThe GSA group showed increased BTX concentrations in relation to the non-exposed group (p < 0.001). The GSA group showed elevated protein carbonyl (PCO) levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased expression of CD80 and CD86 in monocytes, and reduced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity compared to the non-exposed group (p < 0.05). BTX levels and trans,trans-muconic acid levels were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with interleukin-10 contents (p < 0.001). Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were accompanied by increased PCO contents and decreased GST activity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, according to the multiple linear regression analysis, benzene exposure was the only factor that significantly contributed to the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTaken together, these findings show the influence of exposure to BTX compounds, especially benzene, on the immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated. Furthermore, the data suggest the relationship among the evaluated biomarkers of effect, which could contribute to providing early signs of damage to biomolecules in subjects occupationally exposed to BTX compounds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in gasoline station attendants

Moro

Saüer

Brucker

et al. 2019

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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“…34 Academic surgery and research capability in the Pacific and PNG require further development as this will strengthen local leadership and provide evidence on which to base NSOAPs and other capacity building initiatives. Nonetheless, Global Surgical Research from Australia, NZ, Timor, PNG and the Pacific published papers on POMR, 20,[29][30][31][32][33] Bellwether access, 36 the global burden of surgical disease [37][38][39] and the graduation and retention of surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia specialists. 7,40 Lessons learned from the introduction of emergency medicine specialists and their training in PNG, 41,42 informed a successful and rapid implementation in Myanmar.…”

Section: Surgical Metrics and Pomrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy for global surgery: a Pacific perspective

Watters

Tangi

Guest

et al. 2020

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Background The geographic region of the South Pacific covers a third of the globe, much of which is ocean, the world's largest geographic feature, spanning 155 km 2. The ocean expanse is scattered with numerous Pacific Island countries and territories (which fall into three main political groups, whose connections are historical, political and/or economic; Table 1). They represent nations generally with small populations but with the least access to safe, affordable and timely surgery in the world, partly as a result of their geography as well as their stage of economic development. This paper describes how the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) and the Pacific region have been involved with global surgery and anaesthesia advocacy since 2012. This has included engagement with the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, their Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Surgery (GIEESC) and WHO's Western Pacific Region Organization (WPRO). The paper focuses on the Pacific Island countries with which RACS, and the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA), have established relationships and a history of engagement in supporting local agendas for capacity building. The Colleges engage not only in partnership with universities and health departments, but also collaborates with other Australian and New Zealand specialist medical colleges, and their Pacific or Papua New Guinea (PNG) surgical and anaesthesia counterpart associations (Table 2). Although Timor Leste falls outside of the WPRO, the clinical networks and partnerships established through RACS and the other colleges justify including their role in this account of regional advocacy.

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“…In this framework, a DALY value is assigned not only to each surgical condition but also to the postsurgical state, reflecting the negative impact of surgical adverse effects and residual impairments [15]. For example, DALYs averted for patients can be calculated as [17]:

DALYs averted = YLL * severity of disease weight * effectiveness of treatment weight * disability weight

…”

Section: Overview Of Extant Metrics With Their Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Metrics to Define Progress in Children’s Surgery

Poenaru

Seyi‐Olajide

2018

World j. surg.

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There is a need for relevant, valid, and practical metrics to better quantify both need and progress in global pediatric surgery and for monitoring systems performance. There are several existing surgical metrics in use, including disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), surgical backlog, effective coverage, cost‐effectiveness, and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery indicators. Most of these have, however, not been yet applied to children’s surgery, leaving therefore significant data gaps in the burden of disease, infrastructure, human resources, and quality of care assessments in the specialty. This chapter reviews existing global surgical metrics, identifies settings where these have been already applied to children’s surgery, and highlights opportunities for further inquiry in filling the knowledge gaps. Directing focused, intentional knowledge translation efforts in the identified areas of deficiency will foster the maturation of global pediatric surgery into a solid academic discipline able to contribute directly to the cause of improving the lives of children around the world.

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Measuring the Burden of Surgical Disease Averted by Emergency and Essential Surgical Care in a District Hospital in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Evaluation of immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in gasoline station attendants

Evaluation of immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in gasoline station attendants

Advocacy for global surgery: a Pacific perspective

Developing Metrics to Define Progress in Children’s Surgery

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