“…The integration of the retornados is often remembered as a success that "may even be considered miraculous" (Peralta 2019, 6). It co-existed with increases in the minimum wage, the nationalization of many industries, and other policies implemented by the post-revolutionary left-wing governments (Amaral, Marques, and Pereira dos Santos 2022). However, the arrival of the repatriates was not without challenges.…”