Measuring the circularity potential of recycled LDPE based on quantity and quality conservation - a functional requirement matrix approach

Schulte, Anna; Velarde, Pamela Ángela Salinas; Marbach, Lena; Mörbitz, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.rcradv.2022.200127

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For extension of the lifespan of products and parts, it consists of reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose. For the useful application of materials it consist of recycle and recovery.The transition towards circular economy can be adopted in several ways like by following waste reduction, barring production loops, efficient use of resources, materials and products retention [42].Currently, plastic production ways and disposal have deficiencies. These are also not much environment friendly.…”

Section: Impacts Of Recycling On Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

On technological solutions for recycling of recycling of polymer waste: A review

Mankotia,

Singh Chohan,

Singh

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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In the past few decades (after the industrial revolution) the pollution caused by polymers has become a matter of concern and recycling of polymers as a solution has attracted global attention. Several studies were conducted in the context of polymer recycling, but hitherto little has been reportedon the impact of technological solutions for recycling polymer waste and its effect on the economy andenvironment. In the present study, different polymer recycling techniques have been outlined in a comprehensive manner along with the effect of recycling on the economy and environment. Also, bibliographic analysis was performed to understand possible research gaps.

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Section: Impacts Of Recycling On Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

On technological solutions for recycling of recycling of polymer waste: A review

Mankotia,

Singh Chohan,

Singh

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…PIW refers to waste that is obtained during production and manufacturing and thus, before use. It typically consists of uncontaminated mono-materials, or at least of a well-known composition, resulting in minor losses in recycling and a high quality of the recyclate, as demonstrated in a case study comparing the quality of recycled non-food pouches from PIR and PCR [17]. PIR does not include the reuse of materials from reworking, regrinding, or scrap from a technical procedure that is reused in the same process [18].…”

Section: Difference Between Post-industrial Recycling and Post-consum...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The missing capability to analyze the circularity of PIR and PCR might be due to the prevailing understanding of material circularity as a degree or percentage of closing the loop ranging from 0 to 100%. A case study measuring the circularity in terms of mass and quality conservation as a percentage of recycled plastic made of PIR and PCR mentioned the different waste origins as a main limitation for the comparability of results [17]. Most indicators fail to point out the dependence and fixed ratio between virgin and PIR production and do not quantify this relation to the frequency of times PCR materials can be recycled.…”

Section: Measuring Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This definition does not limit material circularity to a single product life cycle, but rather calculates the circularity of the material over several product applications. The indicator has been demonstrated on the closed-loop remanufacturing of medical products [17] and used for the assessment of the copper value chain as an open-loop system [43]. However, it has not been applied to compare PIR and PCR.…”

Section: Measuring Circularitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration and influence of strategies to extend the use stage or quality aspects are beyond the scope of this work but might be interesting for future research. Two previous studies can serve as starting points here: the first has already addressed measuring strategies to extend the use stage following the philosophy of assessing circularity as the frequency of uses [63]; the second measures quality conservation for recycled plastics [17].…”

Section: Applicability Limitations and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measuring the Circularity and Impact Reduction Potential of Post-Industrial and Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics

Schulte,

Kampmann,

Galafton

2023

Sustainability

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Post-industrial recycling (PIR) and post-consumer recycling (PCR) are measures used to sustain resources by improving material circularity and sustainability. Currently, circularity is mainly measured as the degree of reutilization of a material from 0 to 100% at the product or company level. This measure fails to assess the resource usage over multiple product life cycles. Therefore, we propose to assess circularity as (i) the frequency of resource use in products (effective circularity, eC), and as (ii) a vehicle to reduce environmental impacts (environmentally efficient circularity, eeC). Additionally, to compare the environmental impacts of using recycled materials from PIR or PCR, we analyze their impact reduction potential (IRP), indicating the environmental benefits of recycling in relation to virgin material submitted to the market. We demonstrate the suggested indicators for a case study material: polypropylene. For this polymer type, the eC ranges between 0.93 and 9.08 uses of the resource, on average, depending on collection, sorting, and recycling rates. Likewise, the eeC ranges between 0.31 and 1.50 uses per kg of CO2 equivalents emitted. PCR has a higher IRP regarding climate change impacts than PIR in all analyzed scenarios. The results reveal the relevance of PCR and PIR beyond the product life cycle. Finally, we discuss possible embeddings of the indicators in the assessment of climate policy and environmental protection measures, such as strengthening the use of PCR in contrast to PIR materials.

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In‐mold rheology and automated process control for injection molding of recycled polypropylene

Krantz,

Nieduzak,

Licata

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Manufacturing plastic parts with secondary feedstocks has risen to the forefront of importance in recent years. However, the variation in molecular weight and rheology of secondary feedstock can lead to inconsistent part quality. This work evaluates the effectiveness of a novel closed‐loop adaptive process control system that adjusts nozzle pressure in response to in‐mold pressure data. Five different recycled polypropylene blends, with a broad distribution of flow properties, were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the control system at reducing processing variation. The experimental results show that the process control strategy reduced the variation within the mold, as seen by in‐mold pressure curves and calculated in‐mold viscosity values. Additionally, the parameters that control the automated process adjustments were investigated, showing the importance of optimization. The analysis of the correlation between in‐mold rheology and mechanical properties showed a slight variation in the mechanical properties and parts weight with a coefficient of variation of under 5%. Overall, the results demonstrate the ability of pressure‐controlled molding and automated viscosity adjustment to reduce the variability when molding a secondary feedstock.Highlights Pressure‐controlled injection molding of recycled polypropylene. Automated closed‐loop adaptive process control methodology. Methodology resulted in a reduction in pressure variation during molding. Changes in mechanical properties and in‐mold viscosity were investigated. Results show the potential of pressure‐controlled molding at reducing variation.

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Measuring the circularity potential of recycled LDPE based on quantity and quality conservation - a functional requirement matrix approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

On technological solutions for recycling of recycling of polymer waste: A review

On technological solutions for recycling of recycling of polymer waste: A review

Measuring the Circularity and Impact Reduction Potential of Post-Industrial and Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics

In‐mold rheology and automated process control for injection molding of recycled polypropylene

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