“…In order to balance exploration and exploitation phases of an algorithm, population size adaptation schemes can automatically adjust population size according to population diversity during the search process thus enhancing performance and reducing run time. Population size adaptation has been widely studied in genetic algorithms [ 5 , 25 ], differential evolution [ 40 , 50 ], artificial bee colony optimization [ 9 ], swarm intelligence [ 7 , 12 , 41 ] and recently to sine cosine algorithm [ 3 ]. However, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no such work has been reported for SMA.…”