Measuring the deployment of IPv6

Abstract

We use historical BGP data and recent active measurements to analyze trends in the growth, structure, dynamics and performance of the evolving IPv6 Internet, and compare them to the evolution of IPv4. We find that the IPv6 network is maturing, albeit slowly. While most core Internet transit providers have deployed IPv6, edge networks are lagging. Early IPv6 network deployment was stronger in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, than in North America. Current IPv6 network deployment still shows the same pattern. The IPv6 topology is characterized by a single dominant player -Hurricane Electric -which appears in a large fraction of IPv6 AS paths, and is more dominant in IPv6 than the most dominant player in IPv4. Routing dynamics in the IPv6 topology are largely similar to those in IPv4, and churn in both networks grows at the same rate as the underlying topologies. Our measurements suggest that performance over IPv6 paths is comparable to that over IPv4 paths if the AS-level paths are the same, but can be much worse than IPv4 if the AS-level paths differ.

Server Siblings: Identifying Shared IPv4/IPv6 Infrastructure Via Active Fingerprinting

“…First, we probe I 4 and I 6 over time to obtain the TCP option signatures Signature 4,6 and vectors of skew measurements s 4,6 . The first condition (line 3) is to test whether the option signatures differ ( §3.2), in which case we infer that the addresses are non-siblings and terminate.…”

“…While significant prior research has characterized the evolution, routing, and performance of IPv6 [6,15,5], less attention has been given to understanding whether IPv6 infrastructure is being deployed using separate hardware or by adding IPv6 to existing machines. I.e., are providers using separate IPv4 and IPv6 servers to host the same web content, or using single "dual-stacked" servers?…”

Kompasrasi Unjuk Kerja Aplikasi File Transfer Protocol dengan MPLS pada Jaringan IPv4 dan IPv6

“…Migrasi dari jaringan IPv4 ke IPv6 tidak mungkin dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, karena untuk melakukan migrasi secara keseluruhan pada jaringan IPv4 ke IPv6 memerlukan biaya yang cukup besar. IPv6 Provider Edge Router (6PE) over MPLS yang merupakan salah satu bentuk skenario dari beberapa yang telah dikembangkan dalam memanfaatkan infrastruktur IPv4 yang ada dan menambahkan layanan IPv6 tanpa membutuhkan perubahan pada jaringan backbone (Dhamdhere et al, 2012).…”

Insights into the issue in IPv6 adoption: A view from the Chinese IPv6 Application mix

“…Their results showed that the majority of IPv6 hosts rely on transition mechanisms, but in CSTNET and CERNET [11], most hosts use native IPv6. Dhamdhere et al [7] analyzed the evolution and development of IPv6 ASs, the corresponding AS-path, and some IPv6-enabled web sites. They reached a similar conclusion to [25] that the performance over IPv6 paths is comparable to the one of IPv4 paths if the AS-level paths are the same.…”

“…Given the IPv6 experiences to increase its share of the global Internet traffic, we believe that it is important to study how different subsets of the Internet behave. Although there are quite a few works on IPv6 topology, evolution, performance [7], and IPv6 DNS configuration [8], IPv6 application has not been extensively studied, partly because of the limited amount of IPv6 traffic [1]. Previous work on Chinese IPv6 [9][10][11] were conducted based mainly on campus traffic in CERNET and the datasets used were collected more than 2 years ago.…”