Measuring the Impact of Augmented Reality in Flipped Learning Mode on Critical Thinking, Learning Motivation, and Knowledge of Engineering Students

Abstract

Digital electronics is a fundamental subject for engineering students, and it enables the students to learn design-based approaches and solve complex engineering problems. Students learn about minimization techniques for reducing the hardware components and size of the circuit by solving complex Boolean equations. The Karnaugh map (K-map) is one such technique utilized in digital electronics to solve complex Boolean equations and design AND-OR-INVERT (AOI) logical diagrams. The K-map technique involves several steps to solve the Boolean expression, and students often find it difficult to follow the K-map process. In this study, an AR-based learning system was developed using Unity 3D and Vuforia SDK that aimed to teach the students about the step-wise operation of the K-map technique. An experimental study was conducted with 128 undergraduate engineering students to determine the impact of the AR learning system on the critical thinking skills, learning motivation, and knowledge gain of students. The students were divided into two groups: experimental group ( N = 64) and control group ( N = 64). The AR learning system was implemented in flipped learning mode and utilized to provide in-class activities during the learning. The experimental group students utilized the AR learning system for in-class activities whereas control group students performed in-class activities using the traditional approach. The experimental outcomes indicate that the use of AR technology has a significant positive impact on the critical thinking skills, learning motivation, and knowledge gain of students. The study also found that critical thinking skills and learning motivation have a significant positive correlation with the knowledge gain of students in the experimental group.

Augmented Reality in Education: A Meta-Analysis Of (Quasi-) Experimental Studies to Investigate the Impact

“…Data source: (Alqarni, 2021a;Buditjahjanto & Irfansyah, 2023;Dewi, 2020a;Dutta et al, 2023a;Indriyani et al, 2023;Özeren & Top, 2023a;Prasetya et al, 2021a;Sahin & Yilmaz, 2020;Sriadhi et al, 2022;Weng et al, 2020a;Ziden et al, 2022a) Figure 1. Overall Effect: black plot is the Effect Size of each study; The blue plot is the overall average Effect Size Figure 1 shows that most of the Effect Sizes are on the positive side (shown by the black plot), indicating that the use of AR has an impact on learning outcomes in each study (with the experimental class tending to be better than the control class).…”

An interactive augmented reality framework to enhance the user experience and operational skills in electronics laboratories

“…The study outcomes reveal that AR intervention has a Singh and Ahmad Smart Learning Environments (2024) 11:5 significant positive impact on the academic achievement and learning attitude of the students. Dutta et al (2023) designed an AR-based learning environment to help students learn about logic design using the Karnaugh-map (K-map) technique in a digital electronics course. The AR-based mobile application provides step-by-step instructions to the students to solve the Boolean expression using the K-map technique and helps them get the correct logic design.…”