“…Remotely sensed derived variables, GIS thematic layers, and census data are three essential data sources for urban analyses, and their integration is thus a central theme in urban analysis. Since census data collected within spatial units can be stored as GIS attributes, the combination of census and remote sensing data combined with a GIS can be envisaged in three main ways [62] that relate to urban analyses: (i) remote sensing imagery have been used in extracting and updating transportation networks [63][64][65][66] and buildings [67][68][69][70], providing land use/cover data and biophysical attributes [17,58,59,[71][72][73], and detecting urban expansion [61,74,75]; (ii) Census data have been used to improve image classification in urban areas [60,76,77]; (iii) The integration of remote sensing and census data has been applied to estimate population and residential density [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88], to assess socioeconomic conditions [89,90], and to evaluate the quality of life [91][92][93][94]. We note that census data are available at a number of different scales, as determined by independent (not remote sensing-based) spatial areas, typically down to census block levels.…”