Measuring the Relative Magnitude of Unconscious Influences

Merikle, Philip M.; Joordens, Steve; Stolz, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1006/ccog.1995.1049

Cited by 182 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…It is a mistake, historically motivated by behaviourism, to suppose that objective evidence is needed to validate subjective measures of awareness (e.g. as argued by Merikle, 1992;Merikle, Joordens, & Stolz, 1995). Rather, subjective evidence is needed to validate the claim that an objective measure serves as a measure of awareness.…”

Section: A History Of Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness

2001

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Most 'theories of consciousness' are based on vague speculations about the properties of conscious experience. We aim to provide a more solid basis for a science of consciousness. We argue that a theory of consciousness should provide an account of the very processes that allow us to acquire and use information about our own mental states -the processes underlying introspection. This can be achieved through the construction of information processing models that can account for 'Type-C' processes. Type-C processes can be specified experimentally by identifying paradigms in which awareness of the stimulus is necessary for an intentional action. The Shallice (1988b) framework is put forward as providing an initial account of Type-C processes, which can relate perceptual consciousness to consciously performed actions. Further, we suggest that this framework may be refined through the investigation of the functions of prefrontal cortex. The formulation of our approach requires us to consider fundamental conceptual and methodological issues associated with consciousness. The most significant of these issues concerns the scientific use of introspective evidence. We outline and justify a conservative methodological approach to the use of introspective evidence, with attention to the difficulties historically associated with its use in psychology.

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Section: A History Of Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have not included in our list one process hypothesised by Merikle, Smilek & Eastwood (see also Cheesman & Merikle, 1986;Merikle, Joordens, & Stolz, 1995) to require awareness. This is the process held responsible for the facilitation of reaction time due to stimulus redundancy in their modified Stroop task.…”

Section: A History Of Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness

2001

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“…As such, they have been contrasted with unconscious, automatic information activation. According to the global neuronal workspace framework (Dehaene, Changeux, Naccache, Sackur, & Sergent, 2006), top-down strategic processes can influence unconscious processing (Merikle, Joordens, & Stolz, 1995;Naccache, Blandin, & Dehaene, 2002;Van den Bussche, Segers, & Reynvoet, 2008), but the possibility of an effect of non-conscious stimuli on cognitive control processes is not explicitly included in the model . 1 Recent findings suggest subliminal stimuli can affect high-order cognitive processes such as inhibitory control or task-setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious task set priming with phonological and semantic tasks

Weibel

Giersch

Dehaene

et al. 2013

Consciousness and Cognition

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To cite this version:Sébastien Weibel, Anne Giersch, Stanislas Dehaene, Caroline Huron. Unconscious task set priming with phonological and semantic tasks.. Consciousness and Cognition, Elsevier, 2013, 22 (2) AbstractWhether unconscious stimuli can modulate the preparation of a cognitive task is still controversial. Using a backward masking paradigm, we investigated whether the modulation could be observed even if the prime was made unconscious in 100% of the trials. In two behavioral experiments, subjects were instructed to initiate a phonological or semantic task on an upcoming word, following an explicit instruction and an unconscious prime. When the SOA between prime and instruction was sufficiently long (84 ms), primes congruent with the task set instruction led to speedier responses than incongruent primes. In the other condition (36 ms), no task set priming was observed. Repetition priming had the opposite tendency, suggesting the observed task set facilitation cannot be ascribed solely to perceptual repetition priming. Our results therefore confirm that unconscious information can modulate cognitive control for currently active task sets, providing sufficient time is available before the conscious decision.

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“…Priming can be used as a probe by giving a person a word stem, such as fi___, and asking the observer to generate a 5-letter word with that stem, such as 'final' or 'fists'. Now the observer is briefly exposed to target words, with each target word followed immediately by its stem (Merikle, Joordens & Stolz, 1995).…”

Section: Tpj Sts Mpfcmentioning

confidence: 99%