Measuring the Shape Distortions of Retail Market Areas

Abstract

Book Reviews I 349 niques are usually employed at a high level of aggregation, it cannot be denied that they are cheaper than input-output studies-ften by several orders of magnitude. As a result, Richardson and other proponents of input-output analysis have a responsibility t o demonstrate that their preferred technique is worth its extra cost.-tion (2) on page 334 should read with the range-1.0 < c, < k1.0.

Using the parcel shape index to determine arable land division types

“…Already in 1822, Ritter compared the area of a geographical phenomenon to that of the smallest circumscribing circle (Frolov 1975). The usefulness of knowing and determining shapes in geography was described in detail by Wentz (2000); for economic geography purposes Simons (1974) determined the shape of cities. In ecology (Eason 1992;Gutzwiller and Anderson 1992;Comber, Birnie and Hodgson 2003) topics such as the impact of territory shape in habitats on the distribution of plant and animal species are addressed; in landscape planning the impact of the shape of landscape structures on landscape appearance (hereinafter: landscape) is investigated (Krummel et al 1987;Milne 1991;Rutledge 2003;McGarigal and Marks 1995;McGarigal 2013McGarigal , 2015.…”

A Parcel Shape Index for Use in Land Consolidation Planning

“…In each of these contexts, the process of defining and measuring shape by utilizing specific indicators (or shape indices) is called shape analysis and has been of relevance to geographical study since the 1920s. In the past, generic shape indices have been developed by a number of researchers (Boyce and Clark 1964, Lee and Sallee 1970, Boots and Lamoureaux 1972, Frolov 1974, Moellering and Rayner 1982 while others have focused on shape indices specifically for urban areas (Gibbs 1961, Lo 1980, Austin 1981, Batty and Longley 1994, market areas (Simons 1974) and ecology (Eason 1992, Gutzwiller and Anderson 1992, Comber et al 2003. Shape analysis has also been of interest in other fields such as mathematics (Lord and Wilson 1984), computer science (Rosenfeld and Kak 1976, Gonzalez and Wintz 1977, Pavlides 1978, Sagiv et al 2003, computational geometry (Prepata and Shamos 1985), cognitive science (Wentz 1997, Landau et al 1988) and remote sensing (Zhang et al 2006).…”

“…In each of these contexts, the process of defining and measuring shape by utilizing specific indicators (or shape indices) is called shape analysis and has been of relevance to geographical study since the 1920s. In the past, generic shape indices have been developed by a number of researchers (Boyce and Clark , Lee and Sallee , Boots and Lamoureaux , Frolov , Moellering and Rayner ) while others have focused on shape indices specifically for urban areas (Gibbs , Lo , Austin , Batty and Longley ), market areas (Simons ) and ecology (Eason , Gutzwiller and Anderson , Comber et al. ).…”

A Shape Definition for Geographic Applications Based on Edge, Elongation, and Perforation

“…Measuring shape, that is, quantitatively describing the geometric form of a closed homogenous region, is frequently used to better understand spatial processes at work in the landsca e. Researchers have quantified the shape of political districts to determine t ! e potential existence of gerrymandering (Gibbs 1961; Austin 1981;Rhind, Armstrong, and Openshaw 1988); analyzed market areas (Simons 1974); studied the organization of transportation to assess the changing shape of cities over time (Lo 1980); examined and compared the different shapes of land parcels (Price 1995); used with generalization operations (Coulson 1978;Su et al 1997); and measured shape to assist in the classification of remotely sensed images (Li 1996). The goal for shape research in geography is to describe quantitatively the form of an object so that…”