Measuring the Thermo-Optic Coefficient of Liquids With Athermal Multimode Interference Devices

Ruiz-Perez, V. I.; Velasco-Bolom, Pedro M.; May-Arrioja, Daniel A.; Sepúlveda, José Rafael Guzmán

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3024924

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A thermal sensitivity of 0.85 nm/ • C was obtained, which indicates that the temperature needs to be kept constant during the measurements to avoid masking the small variations of the RI. In this regard, simple strategies exist to athermalize MMI devices, such as partially covering the NC-MMF with a polymer coating in which the thermo-optic coefficient compensates for the thermal effects of silica [34][35][36]; nevertheless, in this case, the large thermal sensitivity originates from the sample itself, most likely due to the milk's fat content, which makes it imperative to reduce temperature fluctuations during the measurements. Finally, in the present, the humidity in the chamber was not controlled because (i) the volume of the sample is large (1 mL), (ii) the measurement time per sample is short (less than 10 min), and (iii) the measurement is based on the evanescent interaction between the light and the surrounding liquid, which takes place practically on the surface of the NC-MMF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractometric Detection of Adulterated Milk Based on Multimode Interference Effects

Fuentes-Rubio

Zúñiga-Ávalos

Guzmán-Sepúlveda

et al. 2022

Foods

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This paper reports on the refractometric detection of water-adulterated milk using an optical fiber sensor whose principle of operation is based on multimode interference (MMI). The device is manufactured in a simple way by splicing a segment of coreless multimode fiber (NC-MMF) between two single-mode fibers (SMFs); neither functionalization nor deposition of a sensing material is required. MMI takes place in the NC-MMF and, when fed with a broadband spectrum, a transmission peak appears at the output of the MMI device due to its inherent filter-like response, whose position depends on the effective refractive index (RI) of the medium surrounding the NC-MMF. Therefore, when the sensor is immersed in different milk–water mixtures, the peak wavelength shifts according to the RI of the mixture. In this way, adulterated milk can be detected from the wavelength shift of the transmission peak. The system was tested with two commercial brands of milk, and adulterations were clearly distinguished in both cases. In the range of interest, from no dilution up to 50% dilution, the sensor exhibits a linear response with a sensitivity of −0.04251 and −0.03291 nm/%, respectively, for the two samples tested. The measurement protocol is repeatable and allows for locating the peak wavelength within <0.34 nm over several repetitions using different samples with the same concentration. A thermal sensitivity of 0.85 nm/°C was obtained, which suggests that the temperature needs to be maintained as fixed during the measurements. The approach presented can be extended to other scenarios as a quality control tool in beverages for human consumption, showing the advantages of simple construction, high sensitivity, and the potential for real-time monitoring.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractometric Detection of Adulterated Milk Based on Multimode Interference Effects

Fuentes-Rubio

Zúñiga-Ávalos

Guzmán-Sepúlveda

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…

is the effective optical diameter of each multimode section, as defined above, in Equation (10). The thermal sensitivity

of the whole structure is:

where the condition for temperature independence for the whole MMI cascade can be obtained by setting

[ 77 ]:

…”

Section: Mmi-based Fiber-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, similar athermalization procedures were implemented to cancel out the inherent thermal response of an MMI cascade to measure the TOC of liquid samples [ 77 ]. In their approach, Ruiz-Perez et al easily achieved a thermo-optically compensated MMI device by merely coating a portion of an NCF with the polymer PDMS in an NCF-based SMF-MMF-SMF configuration.…”

Section: Mmi-based Fiber-optic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing Using Fiber-Optic Multimode Interference Devices: A Review of Nonconventional Sensing Schemes

Guzmán-Sepúlveda

Guzmán-Cabrera

Castillo-Guzman

2021

Sensors

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We review fiber-based multimode interference (MMI) devices with a particular focus on optical fiber-based sensing applications. The present review complements a recently published, extensive review where the sensing of conventional physical variables such as refractive index, temperature, displacement, and strain was covered. This review focuses on MMI fiber sensors for nonconventional physical variables, including mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical, and optical, covering around fifteen years of work in the field. Finally, by the end of this paper, we also review some new trends of MMI-based schemes based on polymer fibers, for wavelength-locking applications, for retrieving the thermo-optic coefficient of liquid samples, and for measuring the dynamics of complex fluids.

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High sensitivity compact Mach Zehnder interferometer based on the cascade application of seven-core fiber and graded index multimode fiber

Wei,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Measurement

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Measuring the Thermo-Optic Coefficient of Liquids With Athermal Multimode Interference Devices

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Refractometric Detection of Adulterated Milk Based on Multimode Interference Effects

Refractometric Detection of Adulterated Milk Based on Multimode Interference Effects

Optical Sensing Using Fiber-Optic Multimode Interference Devices: A Review of Nonconventional Sensing Schemes

High sensitivity compact Mach Zehnder interferometer based on the cascade application of seven-core fiber and graded index multimode fiber

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