Measuring the transverse Young’s modulus of maize rind and pith tissues

Stubbs, Christopher J.; Sun, Wenhuan; Cook, Douglas D.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.12.028

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As described in the following section, parametric analysis was used to independently vary these material properties for each specimen-specific in silico experiment. Prior sensitivity studies from our research group (Von Forell et al , 2015; Stubbs et al , 2019) showed that the longitudinal and transverse Poisson’s ratios (ν’, ν) of both the rind and the pith had no noticeable effects on model behavior. As a result, these parameters were not varied in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Maize Stem Buckling Failure is Dominated by Morphological Factors

Larson²,

Dd³

2019

Preprint

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This study utilized physical and in silico experiments to confirm that geometric parameters are far 30 more influential in determining stalk strength than mechanical tissue stiffnesses. Abstract 32The maize (Zea mays) stem is a biological structure that must both balance biotic and structural 33 load bearing duties. These competing requirements are particularly relevant in the design of new 34 bioenergy crops. With the right balance between structural and biological activities, it may be 35 possible to design crops that are high-yielding and have digestible biomass. But increased stem 36 digestibility is typically associated with a lower structural strength and higher propensity for 37 lodging. This study investigates the hypothesis that geometric factors are much more influential in 38 determining structural strength than tissue properties. To study these influences, both physical and 39 in silico experiments were used. First, maize stems were tested in three-point bending. Specimen-40 specific finite element models were created based on x-ray computed tomography scans. Models 41 were validated by comparison with in vitro data. As hypothesized, geometry was found to have a 42 much stronger influence on structural stability than material properties. This information 43 reinforces the notion that deficiencies in tissue strength could be offset by manipulation of stalk 44 morphology, thus allowing the creation of stalks with are both resilient and digestible. 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Maize Stem Buckling Failure is Dominated by Morphological Factors

Larson²,

Dd³

2019

Preprint

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“…Further details of the experimental design, including test equipment, sample preparation, etc. were documented in a previous study (Stubbs et al 2019) .…”

Section: Compression Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tangential friction was used to aid in convergence with a negligibly small coefficient of friction. Further details of the modeling approach were documented in a previous study (Stubbs et al 2019) .…”

Section: Finite Element Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 depicts the original CT scan data and the inferred Young's modulus data. The Poisson's ratio was set to a value of 0.25 for all analyses, as Poisson's ratio was previously found to have a negligible effect on this type of analysis (Stubbs et al 2019) .…”

Section: Ct Mapping Of Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research was performed at New York University Abu Dhabi, (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates), New York University Tandon (New York, NY), Brigham Young University (Provo, UT), and University of Idaho (Moscow, ID). (Stubbs, 2019). 6.…”

Section: Geolocation Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping Spatially Distributed Material Properties in Finite Element Models of Plant Tissue Using Computed Tomography

Stubbs

Larson

Cook

2020

Preprint

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Plant tissues are often heterogeneous. To accurately investigate these tissues, we will need methods to spatially map these tissue stiffness values onto finite element models. The purpose of this research is to develop a method for using specimen-specific computed tomography data to inform the spatial mapping of Young's modulus values on finite element models. The spatial mapping of Young's modulus was calculated and then used to predict the response of specimen tests. Results indicated that this method can be used to obtain spatial distributions of material properties, thus enabling finite element models that account for material heterogeneity.

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Assessing axial and temporal effects of the leaf sheath on the flexural stiffness of large‐grain stems

Hale¹,

Webb²,

Hale³

et al. 2023

Crop Science

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The leaf sheath of many plants has been observed to influence both stiffness and ultimate strength. For example, the sheath has been observed to be closely related to “greensnap” (or “brittle‐snap”) failure of Zea mays. The goal of this study was to develop a method for assessing longitudinal and temporal patterns of sheath influence on flexural stiffness. This metric was chosen because it has been shown to be predictive of ultimate bending strength. A three‐point bending test method was developed for assessing the longitudinal and temporal influence of the sheath on flexural stiffness of Zea mays. Comparisons between pairs of tests at the same location (sheath present vs. absent) were performed. Four types of maize were tested. The sheath had a statistically significant influence on bending. Sheath influence appears to be closely related to maturity since both spatial and temporal patterns of influence mirror the sigmoidal maturation patterns previously observed in maize stalks. The paired nature of this method increases statistical significance and allows for multiple tests along the length of the stalk. Results indicate that the influence of the sheath changes over the life span of the Zea mays in parallel with maturation patterns. However, further studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis more broadly and to study additional issues such as heritability and the influence of genotype and environment on sheath effects. Due to the common architecture of Poacea plants, this method can be used to provide new insights on sheath influences of various species.

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Measuring the transverse Young’s modulus of maize rind and pith tissues

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Maize Stem Buckling Failure is Dominated by Morphological Factors

Maize Stem Buckling Failure is Dominated by Morphological Factors

Mapping Spatially Distributed Material Properties in Finite Element Models of Plant Tissue Using Computed Tomography

Assessing axial and temporal effects of the leaf sheath on the flexural stiffness of large‐grain stems

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