Measuring tourist’s water footprint in a mountain destination of Northwest Yunnan, China

Yang, Mingyu; Hens, Luc; Wulf, Robert De; Ou, Xiaokun

doi:10.1007/s11629-011-2062-2

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The results support the findings of previous studies where indirect water use dominates over direct water use for all kinds of tourism consumption (Cazcarro et al, 2014;Gössling et al, 2012a;Lundie et al, 2007;Yang, Hens, De Wulf, & Ou, 2011). However, direct water use still constitutes an important percentage of overall water use for the more budget end of the market (up to 35% for package tourists).…”

Section: Direct Water Usesupporting

confidence: 90%

A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types

Hadjikakou

Miller

Chenoweth

et al. 2015

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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Tourism products vary in their direct and indirect (supply chain) water use, as well as their economic contribution. Hence, water-scarce destinations require a method to estimate and compare water use intensity (water use in relation to economic output) for different kinds of tourist products in order to optimise their tourism offering. The present study develops an original framework that integrates segmentation with an Environmentally Extended InputOutput (EEIO) framework based on detailed tourism expenditure data and Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs) in order to quantify the total (direct and indirect) economic impact and water use for multiple tourism segments. To demonstrate the rigour of the methodology it is applied to the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus as a case study. The results show that cheaper forms of tourism tend to have a significantly lower total water use and, depending on the economic impact indicator of interest, may have above-average economic contribution per unit of expenditure. The proposed framework provides a significant step towards achieving sustainable water use through destination-specific estimates of water use intensity which take into consideration segment-specific attributes. It is envisaged that this could eventually lead to customised interventions for diverse tourism market segments.

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Section: Direct Water Usesupporting

confidence: 90%

A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types

Hadjikakou

Miller

Chenoweth

et al. 2015

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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“…In contrast, later studies have paid more attention to the comprehensive analysis of the TWF by including direct tourism water consumption and indirect tourism water consumption. The TWF analytical framework created by Yang et al [57] includes only three components: water for direct use, food service and waste dilution. Hadjikakou et al [43] provided a more detailed analytical framework that includes direct water consumption by accommodations and tourist activities and indirect water consumption through food consumption and tourism energy consumption.…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

Wang

Yi-yuan

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The tourism footprint family comprises the tourism ecological footprint (TEF), the tourism carbon footprint (TCF) and the tourism water footprint (TWF). The tourism footprint represents an important tool for quantitatively assessing the impact of tourism activities on the ecosystem of a tourist destination. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature on TEF, TCF and TWF, analyses and summarizes the main progress and failures in the analytical frameworks, research methods, measurement results, environmental impacts and reductions in the tourism footprint. This paper also proposes areas for further developing the tourism footprint research, including unifying the analytical frameworks and boundaries of the tourism footprint, distinguishing the geographical scope of the tourism footprint effectively, improving the process of analyzing the environmental impact of the tourism footprint, measuring the tourism footprint scientifically and roundly, performing space-time calculations of the tourism footprint, and expanding the tourism footprint family by introducing new members. Accordingly, this paper is devoted to the continued study of the tourism footprint.

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“…The data mainly came from relevant literature and official standards [21,28,[34][35][36][37][38] (Figure 4). …”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring the tourism sewage of the northwestern mountainous areas of Yunnan suggests that BOD5 had the largest assimilative coefficient. It was as high as 12.2 and was a key indicator in the calculation of sewage dilution WF [28]. According to Equation (4), the sewage dilution WF of the tourists was 1506.7 L, the urban residents 1065.1 L and the rural residents 773.5 L. All were local WF.…”

Section: Sewage Dilution Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Tourism Water Capacity in Agricultural Heritage Sites

et al. 2015

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Agricultural heritage sites have been gaining popularity as tourism destinations. The arrival of large numbers of tourists, however, has created serious challenges to these vulnerable ecosystems. In particular, water resources are facing tremendous pressure. Thus, an assessment of tourism water footprint is suggested before promoting sustainable tourism. This paper uses the bottom-up approach to construct a framework on the tourism water footprint of agricultural heritage sites. The tourism water footprint consists of four components, namely accommodation water footprint, diet water footprint, transportation water footprint and sewage dilution water footprint. Yuanyang County, a representative of the Honghe Hani rice terraces, was selected as the study area. Field surveys including questionnaires, interviews and participant observation approaches were undertaken to study the tourism water footprint and water capacity of the heritage site. Based on the results, OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 15549 measures to improve the tourism water capacity have been put forward, which should provide references for making policies that aim to maintain a sustainable water system and promote tourism development without hampering the sustainability of the heritage system. The sewage dilution water footprint and the diet water footprint were top contributors to the tourism water footprint of the subject area, taking up 38.33% and 36.15% of the tourism water footprint, respectively, followed by the transportation water footprint (21.47%). The accommodation water footprint had the smallest proportion (4.05%). The tourism water capacity of the heritage site was 14,500 tourists per day. The water pressure index was 97%, indicating that the water footprint was still within the water capacity, but there is a danger that the water footprint may soon exceed the water capacity. As a consequence, we suggest that macro and micro approaches, including appropriate technologies, awareness enhancement and diversified tourism product development throughout the whole year that can alleviate the water pressure at critical times, could be taken to optimize the water management of the heritage sites.

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Measuring tourist’s water footprint in a mountain destination of Northwest Yunnan, China

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types

A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types

Progress and Prospects for Tourism Footprint Research

Evaluation of Tourism Water Capacity in Agricultural Heritage Sites

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