Measuring Tumor Microenvironment pH During Radiotherapy Using a Novel Cerenkov Emission Multispectral Optical Probe Based on Silicon Photomultipliers

Oraiqat, Ibrahim; Al-Snayyan, Essam; Calcaterra, Andrew; Clarke, Roy; Rehemtulla, Alnawaz; Naqa, Issam El

doi:10.3389/fphy.2021.636001

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…25 In a previous study, Oraiqat et al demonstrated the potential of Cherenkov multispectral imaging as a method for measuring pH changes in vitro using phenol red as a contrast agent. 26 The introduction of a few millimeters thick FXG film on the surface of the human body will enhance the dose received by the skin and potentially modify the delivery to the target area. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the specific impact of incorporating an FXG film into treatment planning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of multispectral Cherenkov imaging and a Fricke‐xylenol orange gel film (MCIFF) for online, absolute dose measurement

Han,

Geng,

Deng

et al. 2024

Medical Physics

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BackgroundCherenkov luminescence imaging has shown potential for relative dose distribution and field verification in radiation therapy. However, to date, limited research utilizing Cherenkov luminescence for absolute dose calibration has been conducted owing to uncertainties arising from camera positioning and tissue surface optical properties.PurposeThis paper introduces a novel approach to multispectral Cherenkov luminescence imaging combined with Fricke–xylenol orange gel (FXG) film, termed MCIFF, which can enable online full‐field absolute dose measurement. By integrating these two approaches, MCIFF allows for calibration of the ratio between two spectral intensities with absorbed dose, thereby enabling absolute dose measurement.MethodsAll experiments are conducted on a Varian Clinac 23EX, utilizing an electron multiplying charge‐coupled device (EMCCD) camera and a two‐way image splitter for simultaneous capture of two‐spectral Cherenkov imaging. In the first part of this study, the absorbance curves of the prepared FXG film, which receives different doses, are measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer to verify the correlation between absorbance and dose. In the second part, the FXG film is positioned directly under the radiation beam to corroborate the dose measurement capacity of MCIFF across various beams. In the third part, the feasibility of MCIFF is tested in actual radiotherapy settings via a humanoid model, demonstrating its versatility with various radiotherapy materials.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that the logarithmic ratios of spectral intensities at wavelengths of 550 ± 50 and 700 ± 100 nm accurately reflect variations in radiation dose (R2 > 0.96) across different radiation beams, particle energies, and dose rates. The slopes of the fitting lines remain consistent under varying beam conditions, with discrepancies of less than 8%. The optical profiles obtained using the MCIFF exhibit a satisfactory level of agreement with the measured results derived from the treatment planning system (TPS) and EBT3 films. Specifically, for photon beams, the lateral distances between the 80% and 20% isodose lines, referred to as the penumbra (P80‐20) values, obtained through TPS, EBT3 films, and MCIFF, are determined as 0.537, 0.664, and 0.848 cm, respectively. Similarly, for electron beams, the P80‐20 values obtained through TPS, EBT3 films, and MCIFF are found to be 0.432, 0.561, and 0.634 cm, respectively. Furthermore, imaging of the anthropomorphic phantom demonstrates the practical application of MCIFF in real radiotherapy environments.ConclusionBy combining an FXG film with Cherenkov luminescence imaging, MCIFF can calibrate Cherenkov luminescence to absorbed dose, filling the gap in online 2D absolute dose measurement methods in clinical practice, and providing a new direction for the clinical application of optical imaging to radiation therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%