Measuring Walkability with GIS—Methods Overview and New Approach Proposal

Abstract

Cities occupy only about 3% of the Earth’s surface area, but half of the global population lives in them. The high population density in urban areas requires special actions to make these areas develop sustainably. One of the greatest challenges of the modern world is to organize urban spaces in a way to make them attractive, safe and friendly to people living in cities. This can be managed with the help of a number of indicators, one of which is walkability. Of course, the most complete analyses are based on spatial data, and the easiest way to implement them is using GIS tools. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to present a new approach for measuring walkability, which is based on density maps of specific urban functions and networks of generally accessible pavements and paths. The method is implemented using open-source data. Density values are interpolated from point data (urban objects featuring specific functions) and polygons (pedestrian infrastructure) using Kernel Density and Line Density tools in GIS. The obtained values allow the calculation of a synthetic indicator taking into account the access by means of pedestrian infrastructure to public transport stops, parks and recreation areas, various attractions, shops and services. The proposed method was applied to calculate the walkability for Kraków (the second largest city in Poland). The greatest value of walkability was obtained for the Main Square (central part of the Old Town). The least accessible to pedestrians are, on the other hand, areas located on the outskirts of the city, which are intended for extensive industrial areas, single-family housing or large green areas.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the importance of urban green spaces to the public

“…Kraków is an interesting place to investigate for several reasons. The first one is that, according to Telega et al (2021) , it combines the historical developments of three towns, Kraków's Old Town (established in 1257), Kazimierz (14 th century), and Podgórze (18 th ) century). The other reasons is its situation on the Vistula, which significantly affects its land cover ( Kukulska-Koziel et al, 2019 , Kwartnik-Pruc and Trembecka, 2021 ).…”

La peatonabilidad desde la perspectiva sistémico-sustentable y la calidad de la accesibilidad radial del Parque Central de Ciudad Juárez, México

“…Otra ventaja es que proporciona un perfil de criticidad que permite reconocer obstáculos con mayor trascendencia y enfocar los esfuerzos de gestión municipal en los aspectos más relevantes que inciden en la peatonabilidad. Por otra parte, quizás sea menos pertinente para el estudio de polígonos urbanos completos o rutas muy extensas, fuera del rango caminable de 800 m. Para tales enfoques, quizás sea más adecuado el abordaje con SIG, bases de datos oficiales o aplicaciones de teléfonos inteligentes (Telega et al, 2021;Yun, Zegras y Palencia, 2019).…”

The Analysis of Research Hotspots in the Field of Urban Quality

“…Green space, which is the subject of the analysis in [32], occurred in the metadata nine times, has 16 links and was assigned to cluster 5. Walkability, the new measurement method of which is presented in [33], was the subject of research described in eight publications from the analysed set, is linked to 15 other words and is part of cluster 2. Article [34] uses GIS tools (cluster 1, 17 links, 21 occurrences) to analyse the quality of life, which is related to the quality of urban space to a great extent.…”