“…Therefore, an isoparametric finite element has been developed and solve problems involving mechanically heterogeneous materials [14][15][16][17]. Ho approach still requires interpolating material properties at each Gaussian point from the nodal material properties of the element using isoparametric tions, which need to construct the element stiffness matrices related to coord complex structural components of heterogeneous materials, this approach ha with the complicated construction of element stiffness matrices and heavy Other methods for dealing with material heterogeneity, such as mesh-fre [18,19], microelement methods [20][21][22], and extended multi-scale finite eleme [23][24][25], are still computationally expensive and difficult to apply to complex Therefore, the gradient finite element method was used to evaluate the e mechanical heterogeneity of propellant mechanical performance on the grain integrity. In a case-bonded SRM, the propellant grain undergoes various cons introduced during curing and cooling, resulting in heterogeneous mechanical Therefore, the mechanical heterogeneity of propellant grain is constructed by the spatial distribution of constant strains, and the effect of mechanical hetero the structural integrity of the propellant grain is investigated.…”