Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Boron Nitride/Methacrylic Acid Quaternary Ammonium Composites Reinforced Dental Flowable Resins

Abstract

Dental resin composites (DRCs) are commonly used to restore teeth affected by dental caries or defects. These materials must possess excellent properties to withstand the complex oral environment. The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize Boron nitride nanosheets (BNN)/ dimethyl amino hexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) composites (BNN/DMA), and to evaluate them as functional fillers to enhance the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of dental resins. The BNN/DMA composites were successfully prepared under the theoretical guidance of molecular dynamics (MD), and then the physicochemical and morphological characterization of the BNN/DMA composites were carried out by using various test methods, such as FT-IR, XRD, UV−vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and AFM. It was doped into the dental flowable resin in a certain proportion, and the results showed that the flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), compressive strength (CS), and microhardness (MH) of the modified resin composites were increased by 53.29, 47.8, 97.59, and 37.1%, respectively, with the addition of 0.8 wt % of BNN/DMA composite fillers. It has a good inhibition effect on Streptococcus mutans, with an inhibition rate as high as 90.43%. Furthermore, this effect persists even after one month of aging. In conclusion, the modification of flowable resins with low-concentration BNN/DMA composites favorably integrates the mechanical properties and long-term antimicrobial activity of dental resins. At the same time, they have good biocompatibility and do not affect the aesthetics. The BNN/DMA composite modified flowable resin has the potential to become a new type of antimicrobial dental restorative material.

Novel Resin-Based Antibacterial Root Surface Coating Material to Combat Dental Caries

“…Several studies have demonstrated the potent antibacterial properties of DMAHDM monomers when incorporated into composite resins [22,25,42], cement [16], and root canal sealers [43]. Xiao et al (2019) developed a novel multifunctional nanocomposite for root caries restorations to inhibit periodontitis-related pathogens.…”

“…The degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated using an FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet 6700, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) (400−4000 cm −1 wavelength and 32 scans at 4 cm −1 resolution) using the relative band ratio method. The technique estimates the amount of methacrylate groups remaining after exposure to light by measuring the change in intensity of the peak of the C=C vibration at 1637 cm −1 , with the absorbance peak of the aromatic group at 1583 cm −1 as an internal reference [ 21 , 22 ]. A drop of the resin material (mean sd; n = 3) was placed on the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystal, covered with a mylar strip, and was then measured before and after light curing for 40 s (1200 mW/cm 2 , Labolight, DUO, GC, Tokyo, Japan).…”

A Review on the Current State of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Dental Composites

“…Researchers have attempted to enhance dental resins by adding various materials, including nano- and micro-sized fillers, whiskers, and fibers. Incorporating silane-treated nanohydroxyapatite-filled zinc oxide could significantly improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of dental composite materials [ 64 ]. It was pointed out that addition of an appropriate amount of silica filler in composites can enhance mechanical properties [ 65 , 66 ].…”

“…In addition, there was a study on the addition of DMAHDM, NACP and microcapsules to dental adhesive resins [ 86 ]. Via experimental confirmation, a new antimicrobial resin adhesive with self-healing functions that could be used for clinical applications was developed [ 64 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”