Mechanical and biomechanical characterization of running shoes with different midsole materials before and after aging

Abstract

rated stability higher than forwards and forwards higher than guards (p ¼ 0.003). Durability, flexibility, and breathability, on the other hand, were regarded as unimportant by 70-80% of the players. Discussion and conclusionBB footwear development should focus on stability and injury prevention aspects. Additionally, two position-specific footwear profiles emerged out of this survey: mid cut shoe for forwards and guards, specifically designed for quickness and agility, and high cut shoe for heavy players, that must not interfere with players' jumping ability and that allow to integrate orthotics. Acknowledgement

Aging of running shoes and its effect on mechanical and biomechanical variables: implications for runners

“…Besides being realistic regarding the mechanical loading applied, the aging protocol designed for the present study has the advantage of being highly reproducible. Indeed, as opposed to previous studies in which shoe aging was performed by human participants in real conditions (Brueckner, Heidenfelder, Odenwald, & Milani, 2011;Heidenfelder et al, 2009), the aging protocol was implemented on a mechanical machine, thus avoiding the questions of long-term biomechanical adaptation and homogeneity in shoe's aging levels. Our results are consistent with the previous ones in which shoes were fatigued by human participants with decreased damping capacity (Cook, Kester, Brunet, & Haddad, 1985) and increased ST of the shoes with aging (Schwanitz, Möser, & Odenwald, 2010).…”

Analysis of the dependence of stresses and deformations on the surfaces of shoe soles of different thicknesses and materials

“…A similar situation is observed in the area of the metatarsal bones. Many studies provide data on the effectiveness of the use of soft polyvinyl chloride(PVC) in this matter [1,7,8].…”

“…Software modeling of shoes allows us to create not only an accurate prototype of the product, but also is a tool in the design and functional evaluation of the product [1,3]. One of the most popular approaches to shoe modeling is based on the finite element method (FEM).…”

“…But in addition to the material and shape, the distribution of stress on the surface of the sole is significantly affected by its thickness. The thicker it is, the more effective it is [9][10][11][12].…”

Analysis of the quality of modern polymer materials of sole

“…Such shoes do not have any mechanical fasteners of the sole to the upper of the shoe (nails or threads), and there is also no use of chemical connectors, such as glue. [1] Sole polymer materials are divided into the following groups (Figure 1): The widespread use of polymer materials as a basis for the manufacture of shoe soles is primarily due to the low price of polymers used in the shoe industry, which significantly reduces the price of the finished product in comparison with shoes with soles made of natural materials. Another significant factor in the prevalence of shoes with polymer soles today is the specific physical and mechanical properties of polymer sole materials, which are superior in many respects to natural leather, wood, etc., also used for the production of shoe soles.…”