Mechanical and Electrochemical Synergism of API X42 Pipeline Steel During Erosion–Corrosion

Abstract

Hydro-transportation is an economic and flexible way to transport natural resources such as oil and gas from excavation to the extraction plants, refineries, and consumer-ready products to markets. However, interaction between solid particles, corrosive fluid, and target material often results in significant mutual reinforcement due to the combined action of erosion and corrosion. In this study, erosion-corrosion behavior of API pipeline steel has been assessed in 2 g l -1 NaCl solution purged with CO 2 as the corrosive media and aluminum oxide as the erodent. Four different particle velocities (36, 47, 63, and 81 m s -1 ) were employed, while the angle of incidence was kept constant at 90°. The synergism between erosion and corrosion has been studied by means of a newly designed test approach to mitigate the limitations of the in situ method and to identify the effect of erosion on corrosion and vice versa. The corrosion process was monitored using potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurements. Total material loss rate and the components of erosion, corrosion, and their synergistic interactions have been determined. Scanning electron microscopy examination and experimental results show that there is an immense correlation between erosion and corrosion. Significant synergism was observed due to the interaction of different erosion and corrosion mechanisms.

Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) on Erosion-Corrosion of Pure Copper

“…This result is consistent with the findings reported by the other previous studies [26]. It is reported that the maximum E-C rate were obtained with impact angle ranges from 30 • to 50 • for a range of materials such as pure iron, 304 stainless steel and aluminum [26][27][28][29]. The lowest values of weight loss due to E-C were recorded at an impacting angle of 90 • .…”

“…The previous researchers found that the material loss due to E-C is mainly affected by experiment duration, slurry flow velocity, impacting angle, erodent particle size, and solid particles concentration [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. It is reported that the combined effect of erosion and corrosion together represents almost 40 -60% of the total weight loss [34].…”

An insight into inhibitory performance of Commiphora Mukul on corrosion of aluminum alloy under tribological conditions

“…The impacting particle energy is directly proportional to the velocity. Therefore, as the flow rate increased the wear rates increase [33].…”

Erosion-Corrosion of Gathering Pipeline Steel in Oil-Water-Sand Multiphase Flow

“…Synergism of erosion and corrosion can result in more significant material loss than that caused individually [4,6,7]. Several investigations [8][9][10] have been reported to study the erosion-corrosion phenomena involved.…”