Mechanical and thermal properties of flax/carbon/kevlar based epoxy hybrid composites

Abstract

In recent years, awareness on environmental issues has led to development of biobased materials for a variety of engineering structural applications. Nowadays, researchers and scientists are focusing their efforts on the development of sustainable materials that make use of readily available, renewable, and biodegradable natural resources. While significant progress has been made in the study of hybrid fiber reinforced composites, the fundamental problem of incorporating and selecting the optimal combination of reinforced fibers for various applications has not been adequately addressed. Hence present study addresses the use of combination of two natural fibers with different synthetic fibers to assess the performance of the hybrid fibers composites to develop for engineering applications. In present work the effect of stacking sequence on the mechanical and thermal property of the flax, kevlar, carbon and carbon‐kevlar hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composites are studied. The four layered composite laminates with different stacking sequence were fabricated using hand layup technique to study the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and impact tests, thermal behavior, water absorption, contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy. The hybrid carbon/flax composite (CFFC) had better strength as compared to KFFC, HFFC, and FFFF composite laminates with better tensile strength (178.48 MPa), tensile modulus (2132 MPa), flexural strength (378.86 MPa), flexural modulus (15.76 GPa) and interlaminar shear strength (13.91 MPa) and impact strength (13.86 MPa) and water absorption behavior. The stacking sequence revealed that the hybridization of the flax with the synthetic fiber enhanced the properties as compared to the pure flax composites. The influence of the synthetic fibers at outer skin layer had the effect on enhancing the properties of composites. From the obtained results we can effectively utilize the hybrid flax fibers in some various lightweight engineering applications.

Effect of fixed carbon on the interfacial compatibility of coal gangue/polyethylene composites was investigated using anthracite as a model compound

“…This nuanced trend suggests that moderate carbon content may positively impact thermal stability. 23 With an escalation in carbon content, T max exhibited a decline at lower levels, followed by an incline beyond moderate carbon content, albeit with a slight descent observed after 70% carbon content. This highlights the potential deleterious impact of heightened carbon content on thermal stability.…”

Development and characterization of kevlar and glass fibers reinforced epoxy/vinyl ester hybrid resin composites

“…8 Kevlar exhibits a significant degree of anisotropy, whereas its physical and mechanical properties are notably superior in the lengthwise orientation. 9 The designability of composite materials is a fundamental parameter that may be customized by choosing the appropriate type of fiber, fiber orientation, and fiber content, 10 to achieve the designer's requirement and material's utilization efficiently. 11,12 High crystallinity in synthetic fibers also poses a significant challenge since it causes the surface to become inert, which impairs adhesion and lowers the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the composites.…”

“…Although several kinds of fibers are employed in the fabrication of laminated composites, kevlar and glass fibers are extensively used due to their high uniaxial strength, impact resistance, toughness, and specific strength 8 . Kevlar exhibits a significant degree of anisotropy, whereas its physical and mechanical properties are notably superior in the lengthwise orientation 9 . The designability of composite materials is a fundamental parameter that may be customized by choosing the appropriate type of fiber, fiber orientation, and fiber content, 10 to achieve the designer's requirement and material's utilization efficiently 11,12 .…”

Effect of graphene and MXene as 2D filler material on physico‐mechanical properties of hemp/E‐glass fibers reinforced hybrid composite: A comparative study

“…The excelled hybrid interface between the fiber materials and matrix material shows an improved fracture toughness and interlaminar shear strength of the hybrid laminate. Gowda et al [ 17 ] addressed the thermal and mechanical properties of flax fiber‐reinforced laminate hybridized with carbon and Kevlar fibers. Comparatively, the experimental results show that the flax fiber laminate hybridized with carbon fibers showed extensive strength compared with the neat flax, flax with Kevlar, and flax with Kevlar and carbon fibers.…”