Abstract:Interpenetrating polymer networks of vinyl ester (VE) resin and polyurethane (PU) were synthesized using blend ratio of 93:7(w/w). Two sets of nanocomposites based on i) pure vinyl ester and ii)VE/PU IPN(93VE), were prepared with organically modified silica nanoparticle (OMS) as filler by 1, 2, 3 and 5% weight of the matrix resin. All the nanocomposites were characterized in terms of mechanical and thermomechanical properties.VE/silica nanocomposite with 2% filler (VES2) showed improvement in ultimate tensile … Show more
“…Therefore, the degree of VE crosslinking has decreased in 80VE and 90VE in comparison to that in 93VE. 5 Moreover, there was possibility of entanglement of the prepolymer PU chains with the VE chains causing shielding of the reactive –OH groups on VE to some extent resulting in lesser chance of PU grafting in 80VE and 90VE than in 93VE.Figure 3.Comparison of DTG curves of various samples at heating rate of 15 k/min.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IPNs were prepared by the methodology as described in the earlier works. 5,6,19 Polyurethane prepolymer was mixed uniformly under constant stirring with vinyl ester prepolymer in a glass jar. Then, the required catalysts, promoter, and initiator for the curing reaction of VE and polymerization of the PU were added and mixed well in an ultrasonicator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 However, the main drawback is its brittleness. 5 Blending of polymers is an effective way to develop novel polymer materials with excellent properties and is considered for the improvement in toughness of thermoset resins as novolac, epoxies, etc. 6 The toughness of VE has been increased earlier by blending with an elastomer, 7 a thermoplastic, and another thermoset 8 prepolymer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In these IPNs, better compatibility is expected at the interface of the two components due to (i) interaction at molecular segment level being possible while in-situ formation of polymers and subsequent crosslinking during IPN synthesis and (ii) one-to-one interaction of polar hydroxyl of vinyl ester with isocyanates of polyurethane prepolymers. 5 Thermal degradation process was assumed to follow first order reaction model (wherever it is required) due to its simplicity. Relative thermal stability and the kinetics of degradation of IPNs, with respect to varying blend ratio (w/w ) , has been studied using thermogravimetric analysis at various heating rates and in an inert atmosphere.…”
Interpenetrating polymer networks based on vinyl ester resin and polyurethane were synthesized using different blend ratio, for example, 93:7, 90:10, and 80:20 (w/w). The samples were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis under non-isothermal conditions in presence of an inert atmosphere within the temperature range of 303–773K. Determination of distributed activation energy at various stages of degradation process and its implication in the reaction mechanism was investigated by using various isoconversional models and Kissinger’s model fitting approaches. It was observed that IPNs showed higher thermal stability and also possessed higher activation energy for degradation than pure VE in the selected range of temperature when heated at a specific rate.
“…Therefore, the degree of VE crosslinking has decreased in 80VE and 90VE in comparison to that in 93VE. 5 Moreover, there was possibility of entanglement of the prepolymer PU chains with the VE chains causing shielding of the reactive –OH groups on VE to some extent resulting in lesser chance of PU grafting in 80VE and 90VE than in 93VE.Figure 3.Comparison of DTG curves of various samples at heating rate of 15 k/min.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IPNs were prepared by the methodology as described in the earlier works. 5,6,19 Polyurethane prepolymer was mixed uniformly under constant stirring with vinyl ester prepolymer in a glass jar. Then, the required catalysts, promoter, and initiator for the curing reaction of VE and polymerization of the PU were added and mixed well in an ultrasonicator.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 However, the main drawback is its brittleness. 5 Blending of polymers is an effective way to develop novel polymer materials with excellent properties and is considered for the improvement in toughness of thermoset resins as novolac, epoxies, etc. 6 The toughness of VE has been increased earlier by blending with an elastomer, 7 a thermoplastic, and another thermoset 8 prepolymer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In these IPNs, better compatibility is expected at the interface of the two components due to (i) interaction at molecular segment level being possible while in-situ formation of polymers and subsequent crosslinking during IPN synthesis and (ii) one-to-one interaction of polar hydroxyl of vinyl ester with isocyanates of polyurethane prepolymers. 5 Thermal degradation process was assumed to follow first order reaction model (wherever it is required) due to its simplicity. Relative thermal stability and the kinetics of degradation of IPNs, with respect to varying blend ratio (w/w ) , has been studied using thermogravimetric analysis at various heating rates and in an inert atmosphere.…”
Interpenetrating polymer networks based on vinyl ester resin and polyurethane were synthesized using different blend ratio, for example, 93:7, 90:10, and 80:20 (w/w). The samples were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis under non-isothermal conditions in presence of an inert atmosphere within the temperature range of 303–773K. Determination of distributed activation energy at various stages of degradation process and its implication in the reaction mechanism was investigated by using various isoconversional models and Kissinger’s model fitting approaches. It was observed that IPNs showed higher thermal stability and also possessed higher activation energy for degradation than pure VE in the selected range of temperature when heated at a specific rate.
“…Vinyl ester (VE) resins are now widely used in adhesives, coatings, and fibre-reinforced composite formulations due to high strength and modulus; excellent thermal stability, and low shrinkage [25]. The VE resin is a thermoset poly- mer obtained from an epoxy resin and a carboxylic acid reaction.…”
Bio-composite materials have taken an extensive interest in research over the years due to their excellent properties, such as excellent mechanical and physical properties, stiffness, and low density/lightweight. The exceptional properties of bio-composite materials have had a widespread application in several industries, such as; the packaging industry, construction, automotive, and other related engineering fields. This research investigates mechanical, physical, and microstructure properties of Sansevieria Trifasciata (STE) natural fiber, -reinforced Vinyl Ester (STF/VE) bio-composite. The mechanical and physical properties of STF/VE bio-composites, including the tensile strength and density, are investigated through fibre preparation, orientation, and fibre volume fraction parameters. The STF/VE bio-composite tensile strength coupon is manufactured using the bio-composite transfer moulding (BTM) process and with pressure moulding. The Taguchi experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are selected to investigate the effect of variables on the mechanical properties model. The alkali preparation of STF, unidirectional fibre orientation, and fibre volume fraction improve tensile strength. Non-alkali treatment and random fibre orientatio, on the other hand, result in a reduction of density. The results of the ANOVA analysis show that the fibre volume fraction (wt.%) is the variable that most significantly affects the tensile strength and density responses, with contributions of 50.57% of tensile strength and 51.34% of density, respectively. Based on the optimization results, the STF/VE with alkali treatment, unidirectional, and 15 w.t.% is chosen as the best bio-composite formulation, with the best tensile strength-density balance. It indicates that the optimum parameter was successfully achieved among the samples examined in this work.
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