Mechanical anisotropy and its evolution with powder reuse in Electron Beam Melting AM of Ti6Al4V

Schur, R.; Ghods, S.; Wisdom, C.; Pahuja, Rishi; Montelione, A.; Arola, D.; Ramulu, M.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109450

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There are several key-factors affecting powder during its cyclic re-use: Heating factors are attributed to the specificity of EBM process where the powder, surrounding the printed components, during the process is being semi-sintered [ 17 , 18 ]; Mechanical factors are induced by cleaning and sieving processes before returning the powder to machine for the next printing cycle [ 14 , 18 ]; Oxidation most crucially affecting microstructure and phase distribution in Ti-Al-4V alloy. Oxidation depends on machine/powder exploitation conditions and on number of printing cycles [ 13 , 16 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

et al. 2021

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The research demonstrates microstructural changes and development of specific texture in Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by electron beam melting (EBM) under different conditions. The effect of two factors, namely, raw material (powder) recycling and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), on the EBM produced samples structure and properties, has been explored. The as-printed and treated samples were investigated using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Modification of mechanical properties after the EBM and HIP are explained by the EBSD data on microstructural phenomena and phase transformations. The work is devoted to assessing the possibility of reusing the residual titanium alloy powder for the manufacture of titanium components by the combination of EBM and HIP methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heating factors are attributed to the specificity of EBM process where the powder, surrounding the printed components, during the process is being semi-sintered [ 17 , 18 ];…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 8 shows the microstructures and scanning layers in longitudinal direction of TA15 specimen No.1, No.4, No.7 and No.10. Columnar grain structure was found to orient approximately along the build direction and epitaxially grow across multiple powder layers, this phenomenon was also reported by numerous investigations [23,27,35,36,54]. The morphology of columnar grains is irregular and there are huge difficulties in accurately distinguish their boundaries, so it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the size of columnar grains.…”

Section: Microstructure In Longitudinal Direction Of Ebm Ta15 Specimenmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Many factors such as process parameters [13][14][15], scanning strategies [16][17][18], build orientation [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24], heat treatments [25][26][27][28][29] and hot isostatic pressing [28,[30][31][32][33] affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of EBM Ti-6Al-4V. Besides, columnar prior β-grains were found to epitaxially grow through a few layers and their major axis was found to orient parallel to the build direction [2,11,12,23,26,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Direction-Based Characterization of Microstructures and Microhardness of TA15 Titanium Alloy Produced by Electron Beam Melting

et al. 2021

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The extracted position and characterization direction of specimens have an unignorable effect on the microstructural characteristics of materials produced by electron beam melting (EBM). This study focused on the effects of extracted position and characterization direction on the microstructure, defect distribution and Vickers hardness of TA15 titanium alloy fabricated by electron beam melting. Results show that the microstructure at the bottom end of TA15 specimens is coarser and hot cracks are visible at this end. Grain morphology in longitudinal direction is columnar while that in transversal direction is chessboard-like. The results of defect analysis show that gas pores are visible in transversal direction while lack of fusion exists in longitudinal direction. The average relative density of TA15 specimens in transversal direction is higher than that in longitudinal direction. The results of energy spectrum analysis show that there is evaporation of Al during the forming process, but no elements segregation and enrichment are observed. This study provides important insights on the microstructure analysis and defect evaluation of materials made by EBM technology.

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“…[ 1,2 ] Traditional porous materials are mostly manufactured including heat treatment with foaming agent, [ 3 ] powder sintering, [ 4 ] space holder technique, [ 5 ] or unidirectional casting of molten metal, [ 6 ] and these porous materials have already gained commercial application. However, with the development of new manufacturing techniques, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies (for instance, selective laser melting (SLM), [ 7 ] electron beam melting, [ 8 ] and selective laser sintering [ 9 ] ) are receiving more and more attention, which is due to the flexible structural design and effective material utilization. A lattice structure, which is a typical AM component, has better mechanical properties than traditional porous materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design and Dynamic Compressive Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Hollow Lattice Structures

2021

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Herein, three groups of Ti–6Al–4V hollow lattice structures with different strengthening structures are designed and manufactured using a selective laser melting method. A basic structure (specimen BS), a basic structure with strengthening structures at joints (specimen SJ), and a basic structure with a strengthening structure on tube walls (specimen SW) are compressed by a split Hopkinson pressure bar system. The potential influence of strengthening structures and strain rates on dynamic compressive properties is investigated. The results indicate that the strengthening structures change the structural weaknesses and stress concentration regions inside the basic structures; thus, specimens BS and SJ collapse on the struts, whereas specimen SW breaks at the joints. The strengthening structures of specimen SJ reinforce the nonstructural weaknesses inside the basic structure, resulting in the mechanical properties showing limited improvement or even decrease. However, the strengthening structures of specimen SW strengthen the structural weaknesses inside the basic structure, so the collapse strength, specific collapse strength, energy absorption (EA), and specific EA (SEA) of specimen SW, respectively, increase by 46.1%, 8.4%, 42.0%, and 6.5%, which shows that specimen SW exhibits excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, strain rate sensitivity of specimen SW is dominated by the strain rate effect of Ti–6Al–4V material.

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Mechanical anisotropy and its evolution with powder reuse in Electron Beam Melting AM of Ti6Al4V

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

Spatial and Direction-Based Characterization of Microstructures and Microhardness of TA15 Titanium Alloy Produced by Electron Beam Melting

Structural Design and Dynamic Compressive Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Hollow Lattice Structures

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