“…When the number of components increases, the solution space is excessively increased and leads to combinatorial explosion problem. Many researchers try to use soft computing approach to solve assembly planning problem, and several intelligent algorithms have been used, such as genetic algorithm, 2 artificial neural network, 3 ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, 4 particle swarm optimization algorithm, 5 and imperialist competitive algorithm. 6 Also for automatic assembly planning, the most important evaluation objectives are minimizing the number of assembly direction changes, minimizing the number of assembly tool changes, minimizing the number of assembly type changes, and maximizing assembly stability and parallelism.…”